four functions of management
Diabetes affects more than15.7 million American's, or 5.9% of the population. In the United States alone, 10.3 million people have been diagnosed with diabetes and 5.4 million people remain undiagnosed, with 798,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Diabetes affects people aged 65 or older the most; with 18.4% having diabetes. People between ages 20 and 64 are half as likely to have diabetes as someone 65 older. In the United States women are more likely than men to have diabetes, over 8.1 million women and 7.5 million men currently have diabetes, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). With all these tragic statistics some may still be wondering what diabetes is? Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the body doesn't make enough of a hormone called insulin, or the body doesn't use insulin in the right way. Insulin is responsible for regulation of blood glucose. Blood glucose is needed because that is what gives us our energy. There are four different types of diabetes; the first type is called insulin-dependent mellitus or juvenile onset diabetes. The development of type-1 diabetes is caused by environmental factors such as, genetic disorders, and autoimmune deficienc
Diabetes is also the leading cause of blindness in people age 20 to 74; with 12,000 to 24,000 new cases reported each year (American Diabetes Association, 1997). Many of these minority patients use non-traditional healing practices, and only use physician treatments when non-traditional treatments fail. Diabetic retinopathy is abnormalities of the small blood vessels caused from weakening of blood vessel walls, or any leakage from blood vessels, 32% - 40% of Latinos have diabetic retinopathy. Scientists are currently working on four new types of oral medication sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glycosidase inhibitors, and TZD's (Thiazolidinediones). Different minorities will face a majority of different complications as a direct result of diabetes. End-stage renal disease (kidney failure) is another major complication with Latinos. Minorities that speak different languages have problems communicating with some doctors, this causes problems with the information doctors receive and causes those same minorities not to receive the correct medical information. With all diabetics included, Native Americans are 6 times more likely to have end-stage renal disease. The new insulin's will be stronger and have longer periods of time for which they act. The development of type-2 diabetes is caused by obesity, older age, a family history of diabetes, a history of gestational diabetes, glucose tolerance, physical inactivity, and race. In conclusion, the significant increase in the incidence of diabetes in the United States is directly proportional to the increase in obesity due to lack of physical exercise, coupled with poor eating habits.
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