suicide
Suicide is not a great survival technique. Successful suicide is inevitably fatal. Animals, to which humans belong, have a strong survival instinct. They will avoid death under almost all circumstances; therefore, the idea of committing suicide mystifies our logic. The motives behind suicide, which is defined as "the intentional act of taking one's own life" (Longman, 1988), can be as simple or as complex as life itself. The question of what causes to end one's life pitifully, often in the prime, has always been of great concern to sociologists, psychologists and other scholars. Premature death from suicide "is estimated to be the tenth leading cause of death in the world, and as common as death from road-traffic accidents" (Jenking, 2002). This paper aims to discuss the multidimensional enigma of suicide from the perspective of three fundamental theories: sociological psychological and psychobiological. It is important to look to sociology for answers concerning suicide, for this subject studies human social behavior, its development within human society and the impact of society on the personality. Sociological theories of suicide emphasize the role that society and culture play in this kind of self- destructive behavior. Emi
On the other hand, psychological theorists view suicide as an internal matter, and not strictly the result of external social forces. Such mixed states of depressive manias or agitated depressions make people who experience them feel unbearable psychological pain, which in turn comes from prolonged frustration, and they feel the only way to get rid of the pain is to destroy themselves. Durkheim denied the psychological causes of suicide, concluding that the psychopathic state may predispose individuals to commit suicides, but in itself it is never a sufficient cause of self-destruction. They occur under extremely rigid societal regulations which result in individual's lack of freedom and absence of choice. Researchers in this field of study agree that suicide is caused by depression; however, they believe that this depression is the result of a biological disorder. The typical feelings associated with this group of individuals are anger, disappointment, and frustration. He drew theoretical conclusions on the social cause of suicide. Equally, political integration is weaker during peace; therefore, rate of suicides is higher than during the war-time. Serotonin in low levels was found most commonly in suicidal individuals. They measured two variables: social regulation and social integration and found that the societies with moderate levels of social integration and social regulation had the lowest rate of suicide.
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