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Key terms from WW2

Machtpolitik – German realist philosophy that sees the expansion of state power and territory by use of armed force as a legit goal (power politics)

Isolationism – policy of withdrawing from active participation in world affairs to

Imperialism – the policy of expanding state power through the conquest of foreign territory

Battle of Britain (1940) then Pearl Harbor

Germany lost Battle of Britain: Britain’s RAF pilots were better trained. Britain’s morale was high due to the bombings of London…back were against the wall as well. Germany never sent in ground reinforcements…shot down pilot was gone for good. RAF planes more heavily armed; Germany had faster planes however. Germany was too cocky. Hitler was too focused on one city (London), thus Brit only had to defend one area. Brit had radar.

Germany had many more pilots than Britain did as well as planes. Their planes were more maneuverable and faster than Brits. Germany was moving on a undefeated winning streak, vast ego.

Battle of Britain changed the tide of

. . .

Germany was never able to get a single troop on Brit thus GB’s nationalism and more grew.

Extended deterrence – A great powers commitment to its allies to use its military might to prevent them from being attacked by an enemy. Germany realized it was not unstoppable, and motivation was given to the allied cause. Yalta conference, 1945 meeting between FD, Stalin and Churchill to resolve postwar territorial issues, voting procedures

Sphere of influence – region of the globe dominated by a great power

Power transition – narrowing of the ratio of military capabilities between great-power rivals that is thought to increase the probability of war between them

Self fulfilling prophecy – the tendency for ones expectations to stir up behavior that helps to make expectations come true

Security dilemma – the central problem faced by all sovereign states in an anarchic global system in which a states arming for ostensibly defensive purposes provokes other states to arm in response, with the result that the national security of all declines as their armaments . IE when USSR got nuke capabilities

Domino theory – if one state fell to communism, its neighboring states would fall to it as well.

Cold War – 1949

Power transition – a narrowing of the ratio of military capabilities between great power rivals that is thought to increase the probability of war between them.

Balance of power – the theory that peace and stability are mostly likely to be maintained when military power is distributed so no one power has domination

Collective security – security regime agreed to by the great powers setting rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression by any state will be met by a collective response from the rest

Hegemon – a single overwhelming powerful state

Hegemonic Stability Theory – a body of theory that says that a hegemon is a necessary condition for global order in commercial transactions and international military security

Enduring Rivalries – prolonged competition between great powers that often times lead to war

Counterfactual reasoning – speculations about historical events and developments that ask how the world might have changed had certain momentous foreign policy choices had not been taken

Structuralism – states behavior is shaped primarily by the changes in the properties of the global system, instead of by individual heads or internal changes

Fascism – A far right ideology that promotes extreme nationalism and an authoritarian society built around a single party with dictatorial leadership

Irredentism – movement by an ethno national group to regain control of a territory by force so that existing state boundaries will no longer divide the group

Colonialism – rule of a region by an external sovereign power

Appeasement – making concessions to an aggressor state without retaliation in hope that the nation will be satisfied and not make additional claims on the territory of its neighbors

Multi-polarity – the distribution of global power into three or more great power centers with other states allied with one of the rivals

Protectionism – barriers of foreign trade, such as tariffs and quotas, that protect local industries from competition for the purchase of the products local manufactures produce ->promotes local businesses

WW2 alliance of US + USSR is odd, different ideologies.

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