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Originally Slavic tribes who were replaced by German settlers in the 11th century occupied the area of Berlin. In 1307 the villages of Cölln and Berlin were united into a single township. Early Berlin was plagued by disease and banditry and stagnated as unimportant backwater. The Thirty Year’s War (1618-1648) reduced Berlin’s population to 6,000 and devastated the economy. The situation improved in 1701 when Berlin became the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia. Under the reign of Frederick the Great Berlin evolved into a major European capital. Frederick was determined to make Berlin a city as great as Paris or London. In 1871 Berlin was elevated to the capital of the new German Empire. During the Imperial Period (1871-1918) Berlin underwent rapid industrialization and saw its population rise well over 1 million. When the German Empire collapsed after World War I (1914-1918), Berlin suffered from street fighting and famin
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Berlin is one of the Europe's most fascinating cities. Since reunification, Berlin has regained its importance as the capital of Germany and has enjoyed increased foreign investment. It is one of the greenest cities in Europe. By 1944 the British and Americans bombed Berlin continuously until the end of the war in May 1945. From 1941 to 1943, Berlin’s Jews were arrested and deported to concentration camps throughout Europe. While the Berlin Wall existed, Berlin wasn’t a popular site for international business and Frankfurt am Main became Germany’s financial capital. Then there was a patrol track, a corridor with watchdogs, watchtowers and bunkers, and a second wall. On November 9-10 1938, over 80 Jewish shops were destroyed during the Night of Broken Glass. The land is mostly flat with sandy plains.
East Berlin had most of old Berlin’s historic buildings. The river of Spree flows through and joins the Haval River.
Berlin’s economy has been mainly industrial, but recently there has been more emphasis on service-sector activities.
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