Mary Queen of Scot's Biography
Mary Stuart was born on December 8, 1542 at Linlithgow Palace in West Lothian, Scotland. Mary was the only legitimate daughter of King James V of Scotland and his second wife Mary de Guise. James V learned of his daughter's birth while on his deathbed at Falkland Palace, where he laid hopeless after an agonizing defeat by the British at Solway Moss. Many believed that Mary's birth on the Immaculate Conception, a feast day of the Virgin Mary, was a good omen; however, her father felt otherwise and said, "It come wi' a lass, it gang wi' a lass." This meant that James V's dynasty started by a woman, Marjory Bruce, would end with the reign of his daughter. James V died six days after the birth of his daughter. Mary was crowned Queen of Scots at nine months old. Mary was betrothed at a young age to Edward VI of England, the son of Henry VIII. This betrothal was a treaty between the King of England and the Regents of Scotland in hope to end the constant feuding and warring between the two countries. However, Henry VIII still pushed his armies further north into Scotland. Also, Henry VIII encouraged the assassination of Cardinal Beaton, a great Scottish patriot. This angered the Scots, and many began to oppose the betrothal
James was baptized in the Chapel Royal of Stirling Castle. Mary wanted Scotland to enter a period of peace and prosperity. His body was found strangled outside his house, Kirk o' Field, which had been blown up with gunpowder. She won over Henry, and they both escaped together. Mary set sail for England and arrived in the North of England on May 16, 1568. Mary defended herself, even though she had no supporters at the trial. She sailed to France with the children of Scottish nobility, including the "Four Maries": Mary Fleming, Mary Seton, Mary Beaton, and Mary Livingstone. George Douglas, the brother of the keeper at Lochleven, helped Mary escape. After defeat, to avoid more bloodshed, Mary surrendered with one condition, which was that she should be treated as a queen. She first met her betrothed husband when she was five and he was four. The trial lasted two days and was over on October 16, 1586. Marrying Henry would put Mary one step closer to be in control of the English crown. She married him right after she received a dispensation from Rome granting her permission to marry her first cousin. The verdict was decided before the trial even began.
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