At the beginning of the twentieth century, the population of white-tailed deer in the United States had fallen to 500,000, and at the same time, with only 100,000 elk surviving. There were only 30,000 wild turkeys left in 1930 and barely 12,000 pronghorn antelope roaming the US. Thankfully, today, the white-tailed deer population has risen up to 25 million and there are now over 1 million elk, 5.6 million wild turkeys, and one million pronghorn antelope (Field and Stream). These species of wildlife that used to be threatened by extinction now are multiplying and, in some parts, even becoming overcrowded. The growth of these animals is largely due to the work done by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
The forefather to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Commission on Fish and Fisheries, was started in 1871 by Congress. This Commission was used to fertilize and ship salmon eggs from California to the east coast. In 1885, another organization, the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy, was created to focus on the positive effects of birds on agricultural insects and pests. The Division was later expanded and renamed the Bureau of Biological Survey. The Lacey Act, founded in 1901, was the first Federal la
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S Fish and Wildlife Service (Madison). A second goal is to protect endangered species through captive breeding and the reintroduction of species to native lands. The USFWS’s fisheries program operates 66 National Fish Hatcheries, 64 fishery resource offices, and 78 ecological services field stations. Since then, the price has risen to $15 per stamp and in 2002 there were 1. Fish and Wildlife Service, hunters could kill as much game as often as they wanted. Some of the first responsibilities given to the Service included studying birds and mammals, managing the first National Wildlife Refuges, controlling predators, enforcing wildlife laws, and protecting the decreasing population of migratory birds. Fish and Wildlife Service maps out the marshes, swamps, potholes, and other wetlands to determine changes in the nation’s wetlands. The Service continues to fight to save these lands, and if it wasn’t for them, many more would be gone today. 98 cents of each stamp sold is used for the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund and, since it began, has raised over $600 million that has been used to protect over 5 million acres of habitat for not only migratory birds, but for many other animals. They have found that of the 260 million acres that were once wetlands, less than half are left today, and that number is dropping at a pace of 200,000 acres per year.
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