Tsarist Rule in the years 1856-1917 and Communist Rule from
Although we are looking at two different forms of government rule it can be perhaps suggested that there were similarities in these forms of government but it may also be suggested that fundamentally and ideologically they were completely different types of states. Both were centralist states, which were prepared to use totalitarian methods to rule over a vast, difficult to govern, state with its many different geographical and ethnic regions and enormous population.The Russian empire covered a sixth of the worlds land surface, with 12 different time zones and various ethnicities in which approximately 50 per cent of those were Slav this indeed created integration problems which of course made the country hard to govern. Perhaps we can assume because of this centralised control and government was required in order for the empire to be held together. The characteristics of both regimes were very important, Stalin developed his cult of personality and the Tsars ruled as absolute Monarchs. The Tsars were extremely autocratic, the supreme rulers of both church and state and answerable only to God. A period of reform started with Alexander II (1855-1881) with the hope of strengthening the monarchy but his successor Al
They were identified as saboteurs who were trying to encourage the failure of the plan by Stalin and effectively were treated as the industrial equivalent of the kulaks The first Five Year plan was finished a year earlier than scheduled however consumer goods industries such as textiles were sacrificed because of the needs of heavy industry . It supported the divine right of the tsar to rule and exhorted believers to obey the tsar as the agent of God. His son Nicholas II (1894-1917) succeeded him, a conservative who was not suited to rule as an absolute monarch. In 1922 Lenin draw up a plan of federation by bringing together the first Congress of Soviets in Moscow, then the following year a constitution was established for a new state, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The peasants represented the major element in Russian society and underwent significant changes under both the Tsars and Communists. This vast amount of land contained many national minorities and it was the Soviet's intention to control them from a central position in Moscow. In reality Stalin as trying to achieve far more than anticipated with the unskilled work of the peasants to try and build a modern industrial state. During the civil war various regions outside this central bloc (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Byelorussia and Georgia) fell under the control of communist governments secured by the Red Army. They were perhaps both trying to establish an authoritarian dictatorship in which they wanted to establish an improved industrial and agricultural system; we find similarities in their failure to dramatically improve agriculture and their desire to maintain an autocratic rule. In order to modernise agriculture and at the same time maintain a close look on the rural population in collectivisation through the state security police a network of tractor stations the MTS were introduced. Industrialisation came late to Russia and with a predominately rural population a skilled workforce was scarce. Even though they were declared "free" they were in fact not completely free, they were given too little land for their basic needs and had to pay for redemption payments which saw them fall into increasing debts to the village Mir. Until the reign of Alexander II serfdom had been in place for centuries in Russia however in March 1861 he passed a law that freed all serfs. The Tsar had a policy of a unified Russian empire (Russification) and integrated such countries as the Ukraine and Poland into the Russian empire but this indeed did cause the problem of a clash of ethnicities and with their integration into the Russian empire. The Second Five Year plan was from 1932-1937 and the third started in 1938 was cut short by the war in 1941.
Common topics in this essay:
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Acceptance Essays
