Botulinum toxin
Botulinum Toxin: A Killer and a Healer How can the world's dangerous substance be a person's healer? Highlight 11.1, "Botulinum Toxin: A Killer and a Healer," describes this two-faced toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum that may help a person with muscle problems and yet threat the whole world with only one gram of botulinum toxin. This bacteria, C. botulinum, also meaning, "sausage" in Latin is an anaerobic, endospore-forming, Gram positive bacillus that is common in soil and water worldwide. Clostridia are rod-shaped, but when producing spores they appear more like drumsticks with a bulge at one end. The vegetative cells are the yellow drumsticks, and the spores are the light-blue ovals within the yellow cells (as seen on the picture above). Its endospores that survive "improper canning of food, germinating to produce vegetative cells that grow and release into the jar or can a powerful neurotoxin," (Vangelova, 1) that can cause botulism when toxin enters the body. Different strains of botulinum produces one of seven antigenically distinct botulism toxins ( A through G). The good thing is that this toxin is not contagious but can be easily acquired. There are three types of botulinum toxin that can be ob
Botox can be injected into specific, problematic muscles while leaving neighboring muscles unaffected. Therefore, this disease does not discriminate, botulinum reaches the young and the elderly, in every color, size, and sex. As Vangelova stated, "One of the most common culprits in food-borne botulism is home-canned food, especially vegetables such as asparagus, green beans, and peppers. The technique in using this product is that, "Physicians use small doses in a purified form of the toxin to control certain conditions marked by uncontrollable muscle contraction. As mentioned above in pathology, botox inhibits the presynaptic secretion of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which would normally signal the muscle to contract. tained through food-borne, wound, or an infant. The effects of one injection usually last about three or four months, so repeated injections are necessary" (Bauman 326). This kind of treatment needs to be repeated to maintain smooth facial appearance. frown lines, crow's feet, and other facial wrinkles. Since this toxin is found in the soil and water, it is very easily transferred unto one's skin if the person needs to wash their hands in contaminated water or fall on the ground scraping themselves and coming in contact with soil. Some food companies acidify their products or lower their moisture content as an extra precautionary measure in case the refrigeration warning is not observed. botulinum spores swallowed by the infant germinate and produce the toxin in the favorable environment of the baby's large intestine," thus it is considered to be inhalation. The toxin is unstable in the environment and requires high levels of technical expertise to make it suitable for aerosol release.
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