Modern Civil Rights Forces
Though the government did pass important legislation and court orders, "the chief impetus of the modern(post Civil War) Civil rights movement came not from the people, but from the government" is only a 50% valid statement because the people of the United States did contribute immensely to the cause, such as when they took Civil Rights cases to court and held mass protests and movements.Many protests and movements were held advocating the African-American civil rights. In 1955, Martin Luther King Jr, who founded Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), led a Montgomery Bus boycott in which African-Americans refused to ride buses. The boycott succeeded in ending segregation of buses in when it was ruled unconstitutional in 1956. In 1960, Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed by southern black students, led "lunch counter protests" by demanding equal treatment in restaurants, and later also in transportation, employment, housing, and voter registration. In the "Freedom Summer" of 1964, blacks joined hands with white civil rights workers in a massive voter-registration parade in Mississippi to try and sooth white-black relationships. Early in 1965, Martin Luther King Jr. led peaceful marches to the capita
In Brown II case of 1955, Supreme court demanded that the change in public school be achieved "with all deliberate speed". He founded by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1910, which was associated with using the legal system to support political and civil rights already granted under the Constitution. The Civil War Amendments of 13, 14, and 15 in 1865-70 during Lincoln and Johnson period gave blacks their freedom, citizenship, and voting right, respectively. l to campaign for voter-registration. Other court cases involved desegregation of professional schools for blacks (Sweatt v. He then founded the UNIA to promote balck resettlement in their African homeland and the Black Star Line Steamship Company to "keep blacks' dollars in black pockets" His black nationalist ideas paved the ideals for charismatic black leader Malcolm X, who called for black separation. Major legislation were also made concerning the African Americans' status. Booker T Washington, born a slave in Roanoke, Virginia, swayed opinions in his Atlanta Compromise speech in which he urged African-Americans to "cast down your buckets" and integrate economically into the white system by working from the bottom of the ladder. Besides moving mass opinion and instilling equality ideals, Civil Rights movements also brought numerous key cases to the Supreme Court. In Kennedy's presidency, he had promised to eliminate racial discrimination, and thus civil rights groups sent thousands of pens to the White House to protest against Kennedy's slowness in signing a bill for it. Though the government was essential to the Civil Right movement, without people support, the laws could not have been carried out, such as with the Civil War Amendments that were often neglected in the post-Civil War Era and few blacks actually earned the right to vote until the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Board of Education of Topeka rulings stated that segregation in public schools was "inherently unequal" and thus unconstitutional. After Eisenhower, President Truman ensured the equal treatment of minorities in hiring for federal jobs in President Order 9980 and desegregated the US armed forces with Order 9981.
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Acceptance Essays
