Anatomy is Destiny¡(Sigmund Freud). Does biological sex determine Gender?
             In humans there are some obvious physical differences in reproductive systems and physique but also some less obvious differences in physiological processes i.e. the sex hormones testosterone, oestrogen and progesterone. Women produce oestrogen and progesterone from their ovaries men produce testosterone from there testis; however both men and women produce all three hormones as androgens from the adrenal glands. They are not gender specific. Other differences are in cognition, behaviour, genetic make up ¡V XX-XY. There is also a difference in disease susceptibility stemming from these differences in DNA, such as colour blindness and other recessive allele sex-linked diseases. As males only have one X chromosome they are more likely to have the faulty recessive allele as their only functioning gene. Women with two X alleles can carry the genes for a sex-linked genetic malfunction but their harmful effects are usually masked by the dominant (normal) alleles on their second X chromosome. Males have approximately 2% less DNA overall, compared to females.
             We are born into our sex either male or female; however, there are cases where abnormalities arising from mutation of genes in mitosis, defected combination during meiosis and also in some cases the genetic disorders are inherited. Biologists have argued that males with Klinefelter¡s syndrome and females with Turner's syndrome have very little difference in gender identity. Men with Klinefelter's syndrome have more than one X chromosome, usually two X chromosomes, i.e. the chromosome constitution 47, XXY. Turner syndrome is a chromosomal condition that exclusively affects women. It occurs when one of the two X chromosomes normally found in females is missing or incomplete. The number of functional genes have an effect on the characteristics of the offspring i.e. people with Downs syndrome have three copies ...