Bishop Bossuet, Thomas Hobbes,
English Civil War and Glorious Revolution followed the Dutch revoltagainst Spain as the second of the Western Revolutions that ended absolutemonarchy and finally led to democratic representative government. Astradition had it that the English leaders in 1641-49 and 1688-89 that their actswere revolutionary. Parliament chopped of the head of one king and replacedhim by another because of the traditional "liberties of England." Statesmenand pamphleteers arguing for royalist, parliamentary, or radical principalsmade this a impressionable period of modern political thought. The Threemain theorists of the time Bishop Bossuet, Thomas Hobbes, and John Lockehad similarities and differences between their beliefs. Bishop Bossuet was a tutor to Louis XIV's son in the 1670s, and themost religious and the main theorist of the king's absolutism. He believed thatthe royal power is absolute. That the king does not even need to give anaccount of his day to anyone, and so it is not possible for writers to try towrite about the confusing subjects of absolut
" He believed that without authorityto impose law by force that society would fall apart into "a war of every managainst every man. Locke's first principle was that all individuals have a naturalright to "life, liberty, and property. He found it magnifying that one man could manifest somuch control and power. " Locke got the rest of his theories fromthis premise of "natural rights," and from a more hopeful human nature. " In addition he believed that life without government was"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. "As all perfection andall strength is united in God, so all the power of individuals is united in theperson of the prince" . Bossuet, Hobbes, and Locke all argued that government was a contractin which humanity exchanged the anarchy of the "state of nature" for thesecurity that government provided. Locke also introduced a new way of government organization. He imposed aseparation of power that would let the elected representatives of the people tocheck a tyrannical executive. Above all, hebelieved that the citizens followed the rights of a region and in return thegovernment was a contract that provided them with security. John Locke, was a friend of the Earl of Shaftesburg who hadfounded the Whig Party, provided a theoretical foundation for whatParliament had done and for the succeeding development of representativegovernment. In addition, he believed that if the king does not have absolutepower he is not able to conduct a advantageous act for the state or put downevil and rebellions. Toensure the keeping of order he believed that the Sovereign's power had to beabsolute and unquestioned. He marked property as the basis of all freedomand the purpose of government itself. Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher and political theorist andone of the first modern Western thinkers to provide a non-religiousjustification for the political state.
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