civil rights
The Civil Rights Movement in the United States is a struggle by black Americans to gain full citizenship rights and racial equality. Many people have challenged discrimination with many activities, including protest marches, boycotts, and refusal to abide by segregation laws. Many people think that the movement began with a boycott of in Alabama, in 1955 and ended with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but many people say that it has not ended yet.The civil rights movement challenged segregation or the attempt by whites to separate the races. By 1877 the Democratic Party had gained control of government in the South and began to pass laws separating blacks and whites. Other laws denied voting rights to blacks. Conditions for blacks in northern states were better. There were not many segregated areas, and blacks were usually free to vote. However, job discrimination against blacks was a big problem, the better jobs almost always went to whites.In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that "separate but equal" accommodations were constitutional. This decision provided legal protection for segregation. To protest segregation, blacks created huge organizations. One of
In 1968 King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. In 1955 Rosa Parks, a black resident of Montgomery, Alabama, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person on a city bus. Black veterans returned home with greater determination to win civil rights and were supported by many white Americans. President Dwight Eisenhower sent troops to enforce desegregation. Many restaurants were desegregated after that. In the years after the war, the NAACP's star lawyer Thurgood Marshall wanted to obtain educational equality. As desegregation progressed, membership increased in the Ku Klux Klan. Televised scenes of the event shocked many Americans and created broad support for a law to protect Southern blacks' right to vote. In 1964 SNCC recruited northern blacks and whites to help register voters in Mississippi. Board of Education that racially segregated education was unconstitutional. When the Freedom Riders reached Alabama, violence began, and President Kennedy stepped in to protect them. The project received national attention when three participants, one black and two whites, were murdered. Hundreds of thousands of blacks left Southern farms for war jobs in Northern and Western cities, where they received larger incomes.
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