CHUMASH INDIANS
The Chumash Indians were natives to the coastlands in California, from Malibu to Paso Robles, as well as on all three of the Northern Channel Islands. There were 150 independent villages with a total population of 18,000 people. People in the other regions spoke a little differently although the languages were similar. The villages were made of ceremonial grounds, semi subterranean sweathouses, cleared playing fields, storage huts, and round thatched dwelling houses up to fifty feet in diameter and able to hold as many as seventy people. Their homeland was first settled about 13,000 years ago and with time, the population got bigger so some of them started migrating to other coastlands of California. With all these other villages they had access to different resources, which they would trade with one another in different villages. Some of the major groups were the Obispeño, Purismeño, Ynezeñ, Barbareño and Ventureño (named after the Franciscan missions San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, La Purisma Concepcion, and Santa Ynez. With all this trading going on among the Chumash villages, it would have taken many days to travel by foot. Living on the coastlands they invented a seagoing plank canoe or in their language a "tomo
Women would wear a two-piece skirt of deerskin or plant fiber. The juncos stalks were dyed black by burying them in dark mud, or by soaking them in water with acorns and a piece of iron. Before hunting they would sit in the sweathouses burning herbs so the deer wouldn't smell the hunters' scent. They ate many kinds of wild plants, also hunted small and large animals for food. Fernando Librado was the last known full-blooded island Chumash, died in 1915. The Chumash Indians were also excellent basket weavers. Harrington to show how they were built. The headdress is a crown of feathers topped with magpie tails. The value of the money depended on the labor invested to make it and the rarity of the shell that was used. Chumash Indians also built a sweathouse or "apa'yik" which was used to cleanse the body. The purpose of these was to cleanse the body and they served as a meeting place for men. Volume 3 of Encyclopedia Britannica 24 Vols. The plank canoe was anywhere from eight feet to thirty feet and was made from driftwood or redwood.
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