The war of 1812
"The Wealth of Nations" vs. "The Communist Manifesto" Looking at the beginnings of civilization, one can identify a common theme between almost all prior cities and nations. This theme was and still is that these civilizations were structured and divided according to different powers, no matter it being social, economic, or political power. An example of this can be seen when examining the Feudal system of the Medieval period, when power was held by kings and lords, while peasants had barely if any say in rule. Many have had their say in what they believe to be the "utopian system," by which nations and states should be run. Their perfect system for economics and society have been based on a wide array of ideas, ranging from Social Darwinism to needs of all human beings. Two individuals who held widely differing political views on their ideas of the "perfect government" were Adam Smith and Karl Marx. Adam Smith has been regarded to be the father of modern economics, and many of his ideas have been integrated in a majority of the nations in the present day world. His major work was "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," where he discusses many of his economic views. Smith discovered surprising conclusions
When looking at the present day world, one can see that the ideas behind "The Wealth of Nations" serve a greater role in most governments today. Friedrich Engels was a young German radical that joined up with Marx. Marx also held the belief that large cities were bad in nature, because they allowed the bourgeoisie to maintain control and increase capital over the proletarians. While Smith believed that the creation of a free market economy with competition, would lead to economic and social harmony; Marx believed all types of government and economic structures would lead to a revolution on the part of the working class against the ruling middle class. "The Communist Manifesto" considers history to be a series of conflicts between the classes, the oppressor and the oppressed. Smith believed that social progress would result from free trade and a self-regulating economy. According to Adam Smith, the size of a particular market limits the divisions and size of a manufacturer. This could be a motive behind Smith's idea that limited if any government control in the economy would cause economic harmony, opposed to England's strict control. The bourgeoisie also constantly expanded their markets over the globe; this allowed them to also exploit people all around the globe, by making them dependent on the bourgeoisie. This would occur and was led without any conscious control or direction, "as if by an invisible hand. According to his writings, if a quantity of any commodity which is brought into a market, falls short of consumer demand, then a competition will begin for the purchase of the product and the market price will rise above the natural price. "The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith and "The Communist Manifesto" by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel, both had contradictory ideas on how and how not to setup a government and economic system. Due to the extra productivity from the divisions in labor, the market must be able to meet the surplus created or the manufacturer will suffer. Competition on the part of the bourgeoisie, according to Marx, led to the degradation of honored occupations and also of the family.
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