History of the Religious Institutes
The need for some type of moral and intellectual shake-up within the religious institutes had been obvious for some time. People have been aware of the weaknesses of the medieval church but majority was too afraid to speak their mind because the religious institutes hold great power. That one person would John Calvin. He became the driving intellectual force of the Protestant Revolution. He constructed a whole new system of belief and social obligations for a new line of Protestantism. He started this new line of Protestantism in his adopted city of Geneva, which is considered the laboratory where his ideas were forged. In 1536, the people urged John Calvin to take control of the Church in Geneva. They reason was that the church had broken free of the Catholic House of Savoy. Once John was in control of the Church of Geneva, his religious teachings antagonized the politicians and he was expelled from the city. However, the threat of a resurfacing of Catholicism in Geneva caused Geneva's leaders to asked Calvin to return. Calvin's teachings were remarkable because he mainly uses oral persuasion. He also used his legal training to help him write ecclesiastical and political institution for Geneva.
The rising of Protestim were largely due to the contest againt the Roman Catholic Church by their unsupported scriptural teaching, corruption and abuses of authority. However, the Habsburgs won after a five-year struggle. The only real protest to Henry's Church came from the Pilgrimage of Grace which was led by Robert Aske. The Roman Catholic Church fought back with the help off the Society of Jesuits which was founded by Ignatius of Loyola. These series of wars not only pitted Protestant against Catholic, but included the German princes against the emperor, France against the Habsburgs of Spain, the Holy Roman Empire against France. He sees God as a savior who would grant him grace and salvation. He wanted to develop the authenticy of the Christian theology. The religion that he preached frowns on activities such as gambling, dancing, wearing of fancy clothes or jewelry, drinking, and infidelity. The outcome from this treaty was that France would receive rights over Alsace-Lorraine, Sweden would have control over western Pomerania, Bremen and Verden along with a large payment in cash. He also opposed to God being portrayed in human form. On October 24, 1648, the Peace of Westphalia was signed which ended the Thirty Years War. He understood that faith involves the realities of personal and public life. They implied that he did not need permission to grant himself the divorce, he was after all the King of England.
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