galileo
Galileo was a pioneer of modern physics and telescopic astronomy who was born on February 15, 1564 near Pisa, Italy. As an Italian physicist and astronomer, he was the first to use the telescope to discover many undiscovered realms of space. His discoveries of sunspots, lunar mountains and valleys, and the satellites of Jupiter formed the basis of modern astronomy. His discoveries opened a gateway into the unexplored areas of the universe. Galileo's education began in Vallambrosa where monks taught him, but the takeoff point of his career was when he registered at the University of Pisa at the age of seventeen. He learned of the studies of Aristotle and studied his writings on logic, motion, and the structure of the universe. Over the years Galileo criticized and refuted many of Aristotle's views. He became one of the most relentless advocates against of Aristotle's doctrines. Galileo's studies began in the Cathedral of Pisa one day as Galileo was watching a lamp that was swinging from the ceiling. He observed a rhythm in the swings of the lamp and noticed that the lamp always took the same time to go from one end of its swing to the other. His goal was to find out whether or not all of the swings took the same amount
A few days later De Revolutionibus, which the Pope had accepted, was condemned and prohibited until it is corrected. In the fall of that year Galileo moved to Pisa where he studied while he continued to teach at the university, in this period he resumed his study of motion and wrote a short book in Latin know as De Motu (On Motion). The Sun is the center of the world and the Earth is not the center of the world, or immovable, but moves according to the whole itself and also with diurnal motion. He said that he began to observe Venus with his instrument and saw it was growing in size daily, keeping its roundness until it eventually arrived a great distance from the sun and started to lose its roundness on its eastern side. In a letter to his brother in law Galileo stated: "And news having reached Venice. These years were said to be the best eighteen years of his life. He also dealt with problems of falling bodies that he took up again in later years. Galileo became a professor at the University of Padua and began to teach large numbers of students. He had been complaining of eye pain because of long hours of studying. During the Counter Reformation, the Inquisition played a very important role. The first telescope he built had a magnification of three diameters; the second eight diameters and finally he built one magnifying 33 diameters. He increased the size of his lenses, stopping at the point where a further increase would result in the distortion of images. This story may or may not be true, but was also proved by the Dutch mathematician Simon Stevinus. He concluded that the effect could be achieved by the combination of a convex and concave glass. In Florence, Galileo applied himself to geometry and from the study of Euclid he soon passed to that of other ancient mathematicians, especially Archimedes.
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