Cloning
On February 24, 1997, the scientists at the Roslin Institute in Edinburg, Scotland announced their success in cloning an adult mammal for the first time. The cloned sheep was named Dolly. She was the first animal cloned from a cell taken from an adult. It was an accomplishment than science had declared impossible. In June, 1997, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission issued its recommendation that a ban be placed on all efforts to create a child through cloning or "somatic cell nuclear transfer." They urged that the current moratorium on federal funding of human cloning research be continued, and requested private agencies also restrain from such work. At the same time they recommended that this issue be reevaluated after a 3-5 year period of study and reflection. Dolly was a clone of the sheep (her genetic mother) who provided the udder cell. The package of genes in the nucleus of that udder cell contained exactly the same repertoire of genes as all the rest of her mother's cells and so Dolly's genetic makeup was identical to her mother's. What was novel about Dolly was that she was the first unequivocal mammalian clone. Lower vertebrates had been cloned in the early 1960s when it was shown that a nucleus taken fro
The scientists said that only 15 attempts were required before success was achieved with the birth of the calf, named Gene. Steen Willadsen, one of the scientists who developed techniques used to make Dolly, said it was "just a matter of time" before the first human is cloned. " I hope that we will never become so undiscerning that we make cloning acceptable. The Wisconsin scientists began by performing a nuclear transplantation to produce an embryo from a body cell of a 30-day-old bull fetus Then they added another step. Three of the main methods used in cloning are blunt-end ligation, linker molecules and homopolymer tailing. Homoploymer tailing is when enzyme terminal transferase is used to add homopolymers of dA, dT, dG, or dT to a DNA molecule. This eighteen-member panel of scientists and non scientists concluded that attempting to clone a human being was "at this time. Because the cell used to create Dolly came from a 6-year-old animal, Dolly's chromosomes had certain characteristics normally found only in older animals. Meanwhile, the real action was quietly going on in the laboratories, outside the periphery of the public eye. He is anticipating that cloning will inevitably become an accepted medical procedure, and is now working in a fertility clinic, perfecting techniques that could eventually be used in the cloning of humans. One of them is that the synthesis of full-length cDNAs may be inefficient, particularly if the mRNA is relatively long. Scientists made a number of advances in cloning in 1998. m an adult frog cell transplanted to a frog egg whose own nucleus had been destroyed was able to direct the development of that egg into a swimming tadpole.
Common topics in this essay:
Advisory Commission,
ST Nicholl,
Clones Pg,
Steen Willadsen,
Dolly Wisconsin,
ABS Global,
Edinburg Scotland,
University Hawaii,
DeForest Wisconsin,
Advisory Commision,
human cloning,
national bioethics,
bioethics advisory,
nuclear transplantation,
national bioethics advisory,
cloning humans,
bioethics advisory commission,
blunt-end ligation,
abs global,
linker molecules,
cloning technique,
methods cloning,
human cloning research,
create child cloning,
|
Acceptance Essays
