Harappa Culture of the Indus V
Description : Harappa Culture of the Indus Valley The Harappa civilization flourished in the Indus Valley during IndiaÕs Bronze Age ofHarappa Culture of the Indus Valley The Harappa civilization flourished in the Indus Valley during IndiaÕs Bronze Age of thethird millennium b.c. This thriving culture was all but completely descimated in 2500 b.c. by invading Aryan groups from the west. The archaeological evidence that has been producedby the famous sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro suggest that the people of the HarappaCulture may have in fact, contributed more substantially to modern Hindu culture than waspreviously believed.The Harappa Culture of the Indus valley saw itÕs peak during the BronzeAge of India. It stretched from itÕs northern capital, Harappa, in the Punjab, to thesouthern city, Mohenjo-daro, on the Indus in Sind (Piggott, 134). These two sites togethercomprise the most well known and best excavated representatives of Bronze Age Harappanculture. However, it should be noted that in addition to these two famous sites, there arefourteen smaller villages in HarappaÕs ÒNorthern KingdomÓ, and seventeen smaller sites inMohenjo-daroÕs ÒSouthern KingdomÓ;together, these sites comprise
These buildings have led archaeologists to conclude thatMohenjo-daro was once Òa centre of religious or administrative life on a significant scale,Ó(Piggott,164). Typical designs consisted of either geometric or naturalisticpatterns (Sankalia 1975, 132). Archaeologically, of all the Harappa sites, Mohenjo-daro has produced some ofthe most convincing sculpture. If one considers the ÒtankÓ ancillary to every Hindu temple of the middle-ages, theGreat Bath can easily be seen as a sacred site. The consistency of grave goods across thevarious settlements suggests a relative homogeneity of culture. Within the walls of the two cities, evidence of commerce has beenfound in the form of small, cuboid weights made of chert (Piggott, 181). ,Prehistory of India, New Delhi, Munishram Manoharlal Publishers, 1977. The houses seem to have been built around a central courtyard, and ontwo or three sides were grouped rooms of varying sizes -- including bathrooms (Piggott,168). These mounds are now recognized as theremnants of fortified citadels in which stood Òcertain buildings of peculiar plan defendedby a battered wall of baked bricks. These Òorderly rows of circular working floors carefully built of bakedbrick, . This type ofburial was commonly found in Sumerian sites dating between 2800 and 2000 bc (contemporarywith Harappa), and has been taken to imply a link between the cultures (Piggott, 208). notcharacteristic of early historic Indian culture,Ó (Piggott,186).
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