Movement: Action in Charleston Harbor (April 1861)
             Principal Commanders: Maj. Robert Anderson [US]; Brig. Gen. P.G.T.
             Description: On April 10, 1861, Brig. Gen. Beauregard, in command of
             the Confederate forces at Charleston, South Carolina,
             demanded the surrender of the Union garrison of Fort Sumter in
             Charleston Harbor. On April 12, Confederate batteries opened fire on the fort, which was unable to reply effectively. At 2:30 pm, April 13, Major Anderson surrendered Fort
             Sumter, evacuating the garrison on the following day. The
             bombardment of Fort Sumter was the opening engagement of the
             American Civil War. One Union artillerist was killed and three wounded (one
             mortally) when a cannon exploded prematurely while firing a salute
             during the evacuation on April 14.
             Location: Fairfax County and Prince William County
             Movement: Manassas Campaign (July 1861)
             Principal Commanders: Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell [US]; Brig. Gen.
             Joseph E. Johnston and Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard [CS]
             Description: This was the first major land battle of the armies in
             Virginia. On July 16, 1861, the untried Union army under Brig. Gen. Irvin
             McDowell marched from Washington against the Confederate army,
             which was drawn up behind Bull Run beyond Centreville. On the 21st,
             McDowell crossed at Sudley Ford and attacked the Confederate left
             flank on Matthews Hill. Fighting raged throughout the day as
             Confederate forces were driven back to Henry Hill. Late in the
             afternoon, Confederate reinforcements extended and broke the Union right flank.
             Confederate Gen. Bee and Col. Bartow were killed. Thomas J. Jackson earned the "Stonewall."
             Location: Stewart County and Henry County, Tennessee, and Calloway County, Kentucky
             ...