The autonomic nervous system is made up of two divisions. There are many differences between these divisions. First of all, there are anatomical and physiological differences. The parasympathetic division of the autonomic system origin is in the craniosacral outflow, the brain stem nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X; and spinal cord segments S2-S4. The sympathetic division, on the other hand, is much more complex than the parasympathetic and is originated in the thoracolumbar outflow. Also, in the lateral horn of gray matter of the spinal cord segments of thoracic 1 to lumbar 2. Another important physiological difference is the location of ganglia in each division. Ganglia of the parasympathetic division is in intramural or close to the visceral organ served. The sympathetic ganglia are located with within a few centimeters of the central nervous system. They are also alongside the vertebral column and anterior to the vertebral column.
             The relative length of preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions is as such. The parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic. The sympathetic is just the opposite, short preganglionic and long postganglionic. There is no rami communication in the parasympathetic division, while the sympathetic division has gray and white rami communication. The functional goal of the parasympathetic division is maintenance functions, to conserve and store energy. The sympathetic division's goal is to provide the body to cope with emergencies and intense muscular activity.
             There are many effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions on various organs. The constricting of muscles and eye pupils stimulates the iris of the eye by the parasympathetic system. The sympathetic effects are the stimulates of dilator muscles and dilate the eye pupils. The parasympathetic effects of the ciliary muscle of the eye are to stimulate muscles, wh...