Metabolic Muscular and Nervous Systems
The immediate source of energy for muscular contraction is the high-energy phosphate compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Although ATP is not the only energy-carrying molecule in the cell, it is the most important one, and without sufficient amounts of ATP most cells die quickly. The three main parts of an ATP molecule are: an adenine portion, a ribose portion, and three phosphates linked together. The formation of ATP occurs by combining adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This formation requires a large amount of energy to and it is called a high-energy bond. In order for a muscle to contract, the enzyme ATPase breaks the ATP bond and releases energy which is used to do work. ATP is the energy produced from the breakdown of food into a useable form of energy required by cells. Muscle cells store limited amounts of ATP. Therefore, because muscular exercise requires a constant supply of ATP to provide the energy needed for contraction, metabolic pathways must exist in the cell to be able to produce ATP rapidly. Muscle cells can produce ATP by three metabolic pathways: creatine phosphate (CP), formation of ATP, formation of ATP through the degragation of glucose or glycogen (glyc
The three most abundant joint and ligament receptors are free nerve endings, golgi-type receptors, and pacinian corpuscles. In addition, slow-twitch fibers contain higher concentrations of the red pigment myoglobin. A joint can allow full movement (synovial), little movement (cartilagenous), or no movement (fibrous). The 206 bones of your body protect and support your organs and allow movement. Around the outside is a layer of strong, hard, heavy compact bone. Tension within the muscle increases but the joint angle changes as the body parts move. The linea alba is the midline seam of connective tissue which binds all of the abdominal muscles. Upon release, the neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the post synaptic on the postsynaptic membrane. The autonomic nervous sytem is responsible for maintaining the constancy of the body's internal environment and can be separated into two divisions: the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. Nerve cells are called neurons and are divided anatomically into the cell body, dendrites, and axon. This is secondary to produce maximum strength for minimum weight. For this process to occur, there has to be ATP present. A single contraction cycle, or power stroke of all the cross-bridges in a muscle would shorten the muscle by one percent of its resting length. However, muscle cells only contain small amounts of CP, so the total amount of ATP formed through this action is limited. The abdominal muscles help to maintain the trunk, maintain posture and compress the contents of the abdomen.
Common topics in this essay:
ADP Pi,
Aerobic Respiration,
PFK PFK,
ATP ATP,
ADP Glycolysis,
ATP CP,
,
nervous system,
slow-twitch fibers,
formation atp,
sarcoplasmic reticulum,
myosin cross-bridges,
fast-twitch fibers,
muscular contraction,
motor units,
fibers contain,
pfk activity,
central nervous system,
laterally flexes trunk,
flex laterally flexes,
nervous system includes,
percent resting length,
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Acceptance Essays
