Napoleon I
Napoleon was born August 15, 1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica. This small, yet gallant figure was initially a fiercely independent Corsican, not a Frenchman as most would believe him to be. His areas of achievement were government, politics, and military. He was a strong leader during the French Revolution. He was very eager and determined to fight battles and win them. Sometimes, he was extremely stubborn. One of his most prestigious actions was when Napoleon crowned himself not the pope. Napoleon was the second of eight children of Charles Bonaparte and Letizia Ramolino Bonaparte, both of the Corsican-Italian gentry. Not one member of the family was a professional soldier. Napoleon was always a little boy and man. When he was young, he often had little "play" fights with the other Corsican boys and he would often lead his "troops" to victory. Napoleon was educated at Brienne and the Ecole Militaire, (French for "military school") in Paris. Napoleon graduated in 1785, at the age of sixteen. Then he joined the artillery as a 2nd lieutenant. His initial goal was to help Corsica, not France. In 1796, Napoleon was made commander of the French army in Italy. He defeated four Austrian generals and forced Austria and
Napoleon fled to Rochefort, where he surrendered to the captain of the British battleship Bellerophon. Napoleon was thirsty for more conquest. It was a morale boost to a nation cast in anarchy. He launched an invasion of Russia that ended in a very disastrous retreat from Moscow. Napoleon had accomplished what had not been done since the Roman empire took control over most of Europe. In France, the administration was reorganized, the court system was simplified, and all schools were put under centralized control. He also added the Illyrian Provinces, and destroyed the Papal States. He also added new states to the empire. He then negotiated for peace in Europe that established the Rhine River as the eastern border of France. He fought on, but it was impossible to win. These monarchies feared that the revolution in France would spread and incite the people of their nations. Although Bonaparte failed to defeat Syria in 1799, he won a crucial battle over the Turks at Abu Qir. Prussia and Russia allied and attacked the Confederation.
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