Air Pollution in Australia
1. Identify current trends, scale and likely future sources of carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead, particles and photochemical oxidants..... AGA notes that considerable background material is already available on this issue including the State of the Environment Report and other processes being developed through the NEPC. It is important that reporting by the Inquiry take account of existing material. 2. Identify and evaluate management options for each of the identified pollutants, including options which address one or more pollutants together, which will lead to improved urban air quality in the medium (5-10 years) and longer (10-15 years) term. It is widely recognized that use of gaseous transport fuels ¾ liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas for vehicles (NGVs) ¾ can assist in improving urban air quality. In response to the Federal Government's development of a national Sustainable Energy Policy for Australia, the AGA, the Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association and the Australasian Natural Gas Vehicles Council released a report in January 1997 titled Gaseous Transport Fuels Policy Development (copy attached).
Cogeneration also represents an important technology option for achieving a sensible environment-energy balance. Environment policy should therefore support new applications for gas based technologies including cogeneration, combined cycle power generation and gas cooling. Are cognizant of the capacity of existing and proposed strategies and arrangements, at all levels of government, to reduce air pollution in the identified time frame; of Australia's longer term objectives in relation to greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable energy policy and international competitiveness; of the economic, social and environmental costs of urban air pollution and of any identified management options; and of the need to identify options which can be undertaken by governments, industry and the community. AGA's Environment Policy recognizes the role of appliance standards and Codes and includes a commitment to: "maintain the environment as a high priority in the industry's own technical codes, standards and equipment approvals which include relevant performance, efficiency and energy labeling criteria in order to have continuous improvement in environmental performance meeting both government requirements and community expectations. Cogeneration systems typically have much higher efficiencies than separate electricity and heat systems, with thermal efficiencies in the range between 65 and 85 percent. Fuel switching to natural gas, wider adoption of emerging technology applications for natural gas and wider adoption of gaseous transport fuels all represent important strategic opportunities for Australia to achieve an appropriate environment-energy balance and reducing air pollution in urban areas. Urban transport vehicles based on LPG and NGV can lead to improvements in air quality in the medium and longer term. Wider adoption of gaseous transport fuels would have substantial benefits in reduced carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide, lead and particulate emissions. ates that motor vehicles account for over 80 percent of carbon monoxide, 45 percent of hydrocarbons and 67 percent of nitrogen dioxide emissions. " The AGA Approval Schemes provide for the testing and approval of a range of residential, recreational, commercial and industrial appliances, to meet the standards of Codes prepared and published by the AGA. The Approval Scheme covers natural gas, towns gas and LPG and includes emission standards appropriate to the type of appliance concerned. There are significant development opportunities for cogeneration in Australia. Against this background it is important that identification of environmental options by the Inquiry includes development of sensible environment-energy balances, including responses to greenhouse gas emissions. Much of this increased demand will be in urban areas.
Common topics in this essay:
Strategy AGA,
Approval Scheme,
Policy Development,
Environment Report,
Transport Fuels,
Situation Prospects,
Research Paper,
Environment Policy,
,
LPG NGV,
transport fuels,
natural gas,
gaseous transport,
gaseous transport fuels,
carbon monoxide,
wider adoption,
air quality,
gas industry,
urban air,
greenhouse gas emissions,
energy policy,
sustainable energy,
wider adoption gaseous,
adoption gaseous transport,
sustainable energy policy,
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Acceptance Essays
