AFFIRMATIVE ACTION A NECESSARY POLICY TO PREVENT DISCRIMINATION AND INEQUITIES OR A DISCRIMINATIVE AND INEQUITABLE POLCY INTRODUCTION
A NECESSARY POLICY TO PREVENT DISCRIMINATION AND INEQUITIESA DISCRIMINATIVE AND INEQUITABLE POLCYHistorically, there have been arguments about what Affirmative Action (AA) really is. The basis of the argument for the most part, debates the goal(s) of AA. Is the goal of AA to erase past inequities for the disabled, minorities and/or women without protest? Or is Affirmative Action a culture or spirit that rewards diversity and differences? Basically there are two definitions or schools of thought for AA.The first school of thought is that AA is an umbrella term for laws and policies that the United States Executive, Judicial, and legislative bodies have mandated. Specifically, AA is a series of social policies and statutes that regulate activities and laws with the primary intent to achieve equity and increase opportunity for all.The second school of though is that AA is an umbrella term defining a broader set of activities whereby public and private institutions voluntarily incorporate practices and polices to increase diversity, opportunity and equity. Under this school of thought, AA is in spirit and an institutional policy.The intent of this paper is to address the s
A Brief History of AA in the United States of AmericanContrary to popular belief, the concept of AA actually began prior to the executive order signed by President John F. From 1978 until the present, there have been many Supreme Court rulings, Executive orders and other AA legislation in-acted. As such, once again there was a need to clarify the rights of Americans. Those at the senior vice president level rose from 18 to 35 percent (Gallup/Newsweek, 1998, 6). Historians cite various reasons for the 13tha amendment, some say it was Lincoln's understanding and belief that slavery was wrong. As noted above, AA laws are basically anti-discrimination policy and regulations that are executed at the federal, state and local government levels. In the early part of his administration, Nixon and his administration, authorized flexible goals and timelines to correct under-utilization of minorities by federal contractors, in 1971 the order was amended to include women. The AA Quota system was designed to redistribute the unjust enrichment of the past. Soon after the execution of the 13th Amendment, the governing forefathers once again determined and agreed that it was necessary to clarify citizen's rights. In addition, this paper will address issues relative to determining whether or not AA is necessary instrument for the demise of discrimination and the formation of justice and whether or not AA needs to be maintained, modified or terminated. The order instructed federal government contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are treated equally without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin" (Kennedy, EO 10925, 1961). Also in 1971, Nixon, under EO 11625 direct federal agencies to develop comprehensive plans and programs for Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) to enhance and promote minority business participation in government contracting programs.
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Acceptance Essays
