Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin or Iosef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili was bornDecember 21, 1879. He was born in Gori, a village inTranscaucasian Georgia, a province of the Russian Empire withinthe Caucasus mountains. Stalin was the only of four children tosurvive infancy. Stalin's father was named Visarion Dzhugashvili,who was an unsuccessful cobbler. Stalin's father drank heavilyand sometimes beat his son. Stalin's mother, YekaterinaDzhugashvili, worked as a house servant for various upper-classGeorgian families. Joseph Stalin was sickly as a child, he wasscarred by smallpox, and septicemia crippled his left arm. Nevertheless, he was in excellent shape as a teenager. Stalin wasenrolled at a local Orthodox prochial school in Gori in 1888 at theage of nine. When he was 14, his father died from wounds he In 1894, Stalin won a free scholarship to the OrthodoxRussian theological seminary at Tiflis to be educated forpriesthood. In his fourth year he joined Mesame Dasi, a secretgroup supporting Georgian nationalism. In 1899 Stalin wasexpelled from the seminary, when he was about to graduate. Stalinfirst tried tutoring and then clerical work at the Tiflis Observatory,
With ruthless action as thebasis Stalin launched an unrealistic five-year economic plan. Unfortunately, Leninhad another stroke that night. Lenin had only negative things to say about Stalin, suggesting thatthe party should find some way to get rid of him. At the end of 1928 Stalin andhis men struck out to turn Russia into a modern state. On March 25 of 1917he joined the editorial board of Pravada, which was headed by LevKamenev. Afterwards during the civil war that followed the revolution, Stalinserved as a political commissar with Bolshevik armies on severalfronts. Although the Soviets were poorly prepared and suffered hugelosses, they rallied behind Stalin. This was a bad hit thatstunted the Polish progress, since now there would be noexperienced leaders in Poland's future. Stalindecided the New Economic Policy, that Lenin had introduced in1921 to help postwar economic recovery by encouraging limitedprivate enterprise, no longer worked. In 1924 there were three primary fractions thatwere in contention for control of the party. The next yearStalin became general secretary of the Central Committee of theCommunist party. Stalin escaped in 1904 and reappeared in Tiflis. Lenin didhowever suggest that Trosky might be the best man for the job. After Khrushchev was denouncedGorbachev rehabilitated Stalin's victims and officially condemnedStalinism. Beforehis stroke Lenin had been in a number of disputes with Stalin,saying that Stalin was too rough.
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