Motivation
Motivation explains why people behave as they do. Some scientists view motivation as the factor that determines behaviour, as expressed in the phrase "All behaviour is motivated".(World Book, 1986, p.721). Other scientists focus on two certain aspects of motivated behaviour, excitement or exhilaration of behaviour, that is motivation arouses an organism and causes it to act, and the direction of behaviour, which is lead by habits, skills, abilities and structural features. (World Book, 1986).This essay aims to describe the four theories of motivation, Instinct theory, Sociobiology, Drive-Reduction theory and Incentive theory. I will be relating each theory to George's behaviour and whether they do or do not apply to George's behaviour.Instinct is behaviour that is inherited rather than learned. Instinct is an inborn tendency/biological force that dominates behaviour. (Weiten, 1995). William McDougall (1908) viewed instincts as unlearned, universal in expression and universal in a species. (Weiten, 1995). John Bowlby (1969) views instinct with regards to baby's attachment to their parents or caregivers, as in-built. His reason for this development is that babies stay close to their parents because they are provided with
In George's case, drive theory cannot explain George's behaviour, as homeostasis is not maintained. Sleeping reduces the drive and restores physiological balance. Some psychologists believe that happenings, that we no longer remember, can still affect our lives and can influence behaviour motives. According to this theory, an organism inherits inclinations to develop certain types of behaviour, and these behaviour patterns increase an organism's chances of transferring its genes to the next generation. A human's will, for sacrificing their life for a relative or someone they know, is much stronger than that of sacrificing their life for someone they do not know. We have seen that instinct; sociobiology and drive theories do not explain George's behaviour. Expectancy-value models explain one's motivation to persevere in two ways, the merit of the incentive, if it appeals to you, and the probability of one's chances attaining the incentive. Sociobiology is the study of the biological basis for the social behaviour of humans and other animals.
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Acceptance Essays
