Levels of Processing and Memory
Craik and Lockhart (1972) developed a theory in which they discussed the levels of processing. The theory states, the more a word is processed, due to its meaning, the better the word is retained. In our experiment we presented subjects with a yes or no question pertaining to the meaning of a word or the appearance of a word and then measured their reaction time. Subjects were then asked to recall as many words that they could remember, results showed that there was a significant difference in reaction times and the number of words that were recalled.According to Dewey Rundus (1971) the more an item is rehearsed, the higher the probability the item will be remembered. Herman Ebbinghaus (1885) concluded that in order to remember and learn items we must repeat them. He developed the nonsense syllable, which is a word that is composed of two consonants with a vowel in between. A nonsense syllable could not be a real word (would not be found in the dictionary). Ebbinghaus wanted to minimize the effects of association that have already been made with words that we are familiar with. Using nonsense syllables he determined that frequency of appearance is directly
My partner and I had to go back into each trial in Mindlab and change the words around. The appearance words then matched with the meaning question and the meaning words then matched with the appearance question. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 89, 63-77. The words that were processed due to their meaning were recalled more frequently. Subjects:Ten random college students participated in this experiment. Next my partner and I set up our experiment using Mindlab. The means of the reaction times are significantly Levels of Processing and Memory 6different, t[7]= 3. Rundus felt that if one were exposed to a word repeatedly then they would be more likely to recall it. Craik and Watkins (1973 did not find a relation between the amount of words recalled and rehearsed. Rundus (1971) would disagree with these findings. The theory states, the more a word is processed, due to its meaning, the better Levels of Processing and Memory 3the word is retained. The computer randomized these questions so that the subject would not see the Levels of Processing and Memory 5appearance question with ten appearance words or the meaning question with ten meaning words in a row. The role of rehearsal in short term memory.
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