Dna
Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid are two chemical substances involved in transmitting genetic information from parent to offspring. It was known early into the 20th century that chromosomes, the genetic material of cells, contained DNA. In 1944, Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty concluded that DNA was the basic genetic component of chromosomes. Later, RNA would be proven to regulate protein synthesis. DNA is the genetic material found in most viruses and in all cellular organisms. Some viruses do not have DNA, but contain RNA instead. Depending on the organism, most DNA is found within a single chromosome like bacteria, or in several chromosomes like most other living things. DNA can also be found outside of chromosomes. It can be found in cell organelles such as plasmids in bacteria, also in chloroplasts in plants, and mitochondria in plants and animals. All DNA molecules contain a set of linked units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of three things. The first is a sugar called deoxyribose. Attached to one end of the sugar is a phosphate group, and at the other is one of several nitrogenous bases. DNA contains four nitrogenous bases. The first two, adenine and guanine, are d
Proteins control both the cell's movement and it's structure. They have a long chain of macromolecules made up of nucleotides. The DNA of an organism provides two main functions. This process is also dependent on another type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA). It is important that DNA and RNA control protein synthesis. Watson and Crickalso discovered that in a double helix, the pairing between bases of the two chains is highly specific. There is a sugar called ribose, and at one end of the sugar is the phosphate group, and at the other end is one of several nitrogenous bases. Four types of DNA nucleotides can be formed, depending on which nitrogenous base is involved. The information within the bases of DNA is called the genetic code. This specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein. After this has occurred, translation can begin to take place.
Common topics in this essay:
Watson Crick,
DNA RNA,
Maclyn McCarty,
DNA Deoxyribonucleic,
DNA's RNA,
Francis Crick,
protein synthesis,
double helix,
nitrogenous bases,
amino acids,
hydrogen bonds,
dna rna,
Rinehart Winston,
Heath Publishing,
genetic material,
amino acids protein,
single-ringed pyrimidine,
information dna,
phosphate nitrogenous bases,
purine compounds,
single-ringed pyrimidine compounds,
strands double helix,
double-ringed purine compounds,
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Acceptance Essays
