Introduction:
            
             DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid, is a double stranded, helical nucleic
            
             acid molecule which determines inherited structure of a protein. The
            
             "steps" are made of bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The
            
             sides are sugar and phosphate molecules. Restriction enzymes are
            
             enzymes that cut DNA at restriction sites, leaving fragments blunt or
            
             sticky. The restriction fragments are separated using a technique called
            
             gel electrophoresis.
            
             DNA has a negative charge so when an electrical charge is
            
             applied it makes DNA move to the positive side. DNA is placed in
            
             agarose gel. Smaller fragments move faster. The purpose of this lab is to
            
             separate DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis. Hind III cuts AAGCTT
            
             between the two irst A's. EcoRI cuts at GAATTC between the G and the
            
             A. Hind III and EcoRI both make sticky ends.
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
             Results:
            
             Our results for this lab were EcoRI separated into five fragments.
            
             Hind III separated into four fragments. The control only had one fragment.
            
             (See chart A and figure 1-1 for distances)
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
             Discussion:
            
             The purpose of this lab was to see how gel electrophoresis
            
             separates DNA fragments. We used Hind III, EcoRI, and a controlled
            
             enzyme. Some fragments were hard to see because of smearing. These
            
             were the bigger fragments. Loading the DNA was difficult and if you
            
             weren't careful you could rupture the wells which ruined the lab. We,
            
             fortunately, did not run into this problem.
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
             Abstract:
            
             The pur...