Properties
Chemical reactions are the heart of chemistry. People havealways known that they exist. The Ancient Greeks were the firststo speculate on the composition of matter. They thought that itwas possible that individual particles made up matter. Later, in the Seventeenth Century, a German chemist namedGeorg Ernst Stahl was the first to postulate on chemicalreaction, specifically, combustion. He said that a substancecalled phlogiston escaped into the air from all substances duringcombustion. He explained that a burning candle would go out if acandle snuffer was put over it because the air inside the snufferbecame saturated with phlogiston. According to his ideas, woodis made up of phlogiston and ash, because only ash is left aftercombustion. His ideas soon came upon some contradiction. Whenmetal is burned, its ash has a greater mass than the originalsubstance. Stahl tried to cover himself by saying thatphlogiston will take away from a substance's mass or that it hada negative mass, which contradicted his original theories. In the Eighteenth Century Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, inFrance, discovered an important detail in the understanding ofthe chemical reaction combustion, oxigine
The control of photons to excitemolecules and cause reactions has been elusive. There are also such things as negative catalysts,or inhibitors. Kinetics decides Thespeed of the reaction and what is happening on a molecular level. Thereactant molecules absorb the photons and get excited. Photochemical reactions arecaused by photons that are given off by the light source. There are very few cases in which this happens. He said that all gasses at the same pressure, volumeand temperature contain the same number of particles. His ideas lead to thesubscripts used in the formulas for gasses. Polymerization reactions are reactions in which simplersubstances combine to form a complex substance. Different reactants reactat different speeds. It is areduction reaction if the oxidation number goes down. The reaction rate can becontrolled for observation by varying the intensity of theradiation. Here is an example whenthe same substance is heated and goes through another reaction: 2CHClF2 -* C2F4 + 2HClAn addition reaction is a reaction in which atoms are added to amolecule. The reaction that releases the lightis complex.
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California Berkly,
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Lavoisier France,
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Acceptance Essays
