smoking
The Effects of a Mindfulness Manipulation on Adolescent SmokingEvidence suggests that smoking cigarettes increases the likelihood of suffering from heart disease, emphysema, lung cancer, high blood pressure, and premature aging. The smoker is also at risk of many short-term health consequences such as chronic cough, yellow teeth, and unpleasant breath. Smoking is an expensive habit that can cost up to 1500 dollars per year if the individual smokes a pack per day. Tobacco industries direct 90% of recommendation their cigarette advertisements toward today's youth, hoping to hook another young adolescent into their money making scheme. Onset of smoking in children occurs at an early age due to a number of factors that include pro-social smoking advertisements, peer, and even antismoking campaigns such as DARE. Primary prevention techniques that attempt to stop the behavior before it starts are effective because children are still young enough to be molded and influenced accordingly by the proper role-models (i.e. peers and parents). Preventative measures, such as informational campaigns are ineffective because they are unrealistic and fail to emphasize on the "here and now." These measures focus on the future h
Fear manipulations are unrealistic simply because of the waiting period before the onset of disease. DARE also suggests that smoking is Smoking 2a common habit difficult to resist when tempted. After completion of the initial measure, students were asked if they wanted to volunteer for a new anti-smoking project and how much time they would be willing to work (see appendix E). Hypocrisy manipulations promote behavior change because they motivate a person to think about their inconsistencies. Descriptive norms are those norms that most people engage in; whereas injunctive norms are those behaviors that people say are "right" or "wrong. Early teens spend most of their time with peers, rather than parents. Adolescents also believe that they are invincible and therefore not subject to the health risks of all other smokers. mother, father, brothers, sisters, etc. As an incentive for maximum participation, each health class was informed that if 95% of the consent form were returned, the students would be entitle to a free pizza party. Lastly, some manipulation check items were included (see appendix D). ProcedureDuring each health class, participants with signed consent forms were administered a baseline survey (see appendix B) by the school psychologist, Steven Crain. We plan to use a hypocrisy manipulation but modify it by providing the adolescent participants with specific guidelines for their videotaped messages. " The question to be address is what can be done to motivate healthy behavior.
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