The Internet1
In the early 1960's, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) became very concerned about the possible effects of nuclear attack on its computing facilities. As a result, it began to examine ways to connect their computers to each other and to weapons installations that were distributed all over the world. The DOD charged the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (now known as DARPA) to fund research that would lead to the creation of a worldwide network.The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an experimental wide area network (WAN) that consisted of the four computers networked by DARPA researchers in 1969. These first four computers were located at the University of California at Los Angeles, SRI International, the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. By 1990, a network of networks, now known as the Internet, had grown from the four computers on the ARPANET to over 300,000 computers on many interconnected networks.As ARPANET grew to include more computers, researchers realized the need for each connected computer to conform the sam
The Internet is a network of networks, as shown in my diagram. The term Internet was first used in 1974 in an article written by Cerf and Kahn about the TCP protocol. Since the National Science Foundation (NSF) prohibited commercial network traffic on the networks it funded, businesses turned to commercial e-mail services. ¨ Packets that do not arrive at their destination must be retransmitted from their source network. Four key points characterized the open architecture philosophy:¨ Independent networks should not require internal changes to be connected to the Internet. This lack of global control is perhaps one of the most amazing features of the Internet, considering the fact that the Internet began as a way for the military to maintain control while under attack. The term intranet is used to describe LANs or WANs that used the TCP/IP protocol but do not connect to sites outside the firm. Businesses and individuals began to connect to the Internet in ever-increasing numbers. The Network Control Protocol (NCP) was developed as the first collection of rules for formatting, ordering, and error-checking data sent across a network. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) includes rules that computers on a network use to establish and break connections. The Internet Protocol (IP) includes rules for routing individual data packets. As PCs became more powerful, affordable, and available during the 1980s, firms increasingly used them to construct LANs. However, businesses soon wanted their employees to be able to communicate with people outside corporate LANs. These connections allowed commercial enterprises to send e-mail directly to Internet addresses and allowed members to research and education communities on the Internet to send e-mail directly to MCI Mail and CompuServe addresses. From 1991 there was almost one million to 1997 there were over twenty million.
Common topics in this essay:
Kahn TCP,
Mail CompuServe,
TCP/IP-based WANs,
WANs TCP/IP,
University Utah,
Defense DOD,
Foundation NSF,
Network ARPANET,
Protocol IP,
Internet PCs,
control protocol,
commercial e-mail services,
transmission control protocol,
mci mail compuserve,
send e-mail,
internet commercial,
network networks,
architecture philosophy,
e-mail directly,
research projects,
communicate people outside,
communicate people,
connected internet,
projects agency,
research projects agency,
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Acceptance Essays
