Thailand
IINTRODUCTION Thailand, formerly Siam, officially Kingdom of Thailand, kingdom in Southeast Asia, bounded by Myanmar (formerly known as Burma) on the north and west, by Laos on the northeast, by Cambodia and the Gulf of Thailand (Siam) on the southeast, by Malaysia on the south, and by the Andaman Sea and Myanmar on the southwest. The total area of Thailand is 513,115 sq km (198,115 sq mi). Bangkok is the capital and largest city.IILAND AND RESOURCES Thailand lies within the Indochinese Peninsula (see Indochina), except for the southern extremity, which occupies a portion of the Malay Peninsula. The country's extreme dimensions are about 1770 km (about 1100 mi) from north to south and about 800 km (about 500 mi) from east to west. The physiography is highly diversified, but the mountain systems are the predominant feature of the terrain. A series of parallel ranges, with a north-south trend, occupy the northern and western portions of the country. Extreme elevations occur in the westernmost ranges, which extend along the Myanmar frontier and rise to 2595 m (8514 ft) atop Doi Inthanon, the highest point in Thailand. The peninsular area, which is bordered by narrow coastal plains, reaches a high point of 1790 m (5860 ft) atop Kh
CDomestic Instability On November 9, 1947, a military junta led by Phibun seized control of the government. From April to October the winds are mainly from the southwest and are moisture laden; during the rest of the year they blow from the northeast. Representatives are directly elected to four-year terms. Other large animals include the rhinoceros, tiger, leopard, gaur, water buffalo, and gibbon. The rich alluvial soil along the Chao Phraya and other rivers constitutes another important resource. At its southern extremity, the system assumes an east-west trend and extends to the eastern frontier. The dispute was settled, with Japanese mediation, in May 1941. The upland areas are also heavily wooded, the most valuable species being teak, agalloch, and oak. Thailand's constitution recognizes the independence of the judiciary. Thailand declared war on the United States and the United Kingdom on January 25, 1942. Except for a brief interlude early in 1948, Phibun thereafter retained control of the government until 1957. Another mountain system projects, in a northern and southern direction, through central Thailand. JArt Among the most celebrated works of architecture in Thailand are the wats in Bangkok.
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