augustus
During the Conflict of Orders, the lower class Romans, or plebians, forced the upper class Romans, known as patricians, to give them more rights and liberties (Hadas 1969). The Republican government in Rome was established to satisfy the plebians, while still leaving a majority of the control with the patricians. Octavian Augustus (63 B.C. ~14 A.D.) is known as the first, and one of the greatest, Roman Emperors ever. Octavian enabled the long, peaceful time of the Pax Romana by changing Rome from a fragile, crumbling republican government to a mighty empire. Octavian's government was strong enough to withstand weak emperors who mismanaged the Empire. His changes proved to be the cornerstone of the greatest empire the world has ever seen. The government consisted of three main parts: the senate, the assemblies and the magistrates. The Senate was a group of former state officials, usually patricians, who acted as advisors, controlled public finances and handled all diplomatic dealings with other states (Hanes 1997). The assemblies were the various public meetings where citizens voted on laws and public office (Hanes 1997). Magistrates were the elected officials who put the laws into prac
Octavian reformed the tax system by taking a census to determine how much each province should pay in taxes. He cast out Senators that he deemed unworthy and filled their spaces with provincial governors and army commanders. When Crassus later died, Caesar defeated Pompey and became Rome's sole leader (Hadas 1969). The Triumvirate had shown that a large Senate was not needed to successfully govern Rome. Bibliography Buchan, John. Many poor people decided to join in hopes that they would benefit financially from any victories. Caesar favored Octavian from an early age (Coppolino 1997). The allies were angry that they were not considered citizens of Rome. Three men who would vie for this power: Gauis Pompey, Julius Caesar and Licinius Crassus, these three formed the First Triumvirate, or rule of three men, by dominating Rome with their personal armies (Drinkwater & Drummond 1993). Antony controlled the East and Octavian the West. Octavian addressed the Senators by their full names and attended any events he was invited to. In these ways, the Senators remained happy with Octavian even as they gradually lost their power.
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Acceptance Essays
