Myth vs. Philosophy
In Hesiod's Theogany, myth is defined as a way of explaining the account of the origins of the universe through the origins of God with distinctive personalities. In Presocratics Reader, philosophy is the inquiry through abstract reasoning. It critically takes experience, assesses arguments for what it believes and justifies its case. Abstract reasoning is the appeal to arguments and to take experience, abstract fundamental principles, and to make universal claims. There is a big difference between myth as seen in Hesiod's Theogany and philosophy as seen in Presocratics Reader. Hesiod's cosmogony (or the account of origin of all things) is based on mythological figures, while the cosmogony of the Presocratics is based on the arche which explains all other things. Arche is a Greek word meaning that which underlies all reality and sustains reality throug
Monism is the view in metaphysics that reality is a unified whole and that all existing things can be ascribed to or described by a single concept or system. He agreed with Thales and Anaximander about adopting material monism but said that the fundamental thing is air. The third philosopher mentioned in the book is Anaximenes. He declared that air is one, boundless, indefinite, and always in motion. The Presocratics explains that there is some fundamental thing that makes everything happen in the world. He argues that air is without measure and is always changing. He believes that everything is really just air in some form or other. In order for things to change, they have to be always in motion. He said this because he looked at the world, made an observation, and concluded that it must be water that is the underlying fundamental thing that makes up all reality. When air dissolves into what is finer, it becomes fire, and when it is condensed, and then it becomes wind. Hesiod explains everything that has happened in the world as something done because of or by the Gods. Therefore, Thales only attempted to explain the original source, from which everything is derived; however, he uses abstract reasoning and limits the principle to a concrete and definite element, which gives rise to the problem of change and the opposites.
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