Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (202 BC - AD 220) reunited the China after the Qin dynasty fell apart. The Han ruled China for forty years, which was divided into two periods: the earlier period Western Han and the later period Easter Han. Gaozu, who was the first king of the Han dynasty, was a minor official in Qin dynasty. He became a leader of a small group of soldiers and acquired territories. Overtime, his army expanded to large number. In 206 BC, Gaozu took the title as King of Han and he ended the Qin dynasty in 202 BC. "The Han period was, for good reason, associated with the victory of Confucianism. Where the Qin had given political support to Legalism, the Han gave it to Confucianism." (Ebrey, P. 75) After the Qin acrimonious governing, everyone welcomed Confucianism because the basis of Confucian ethics was the concept of "love" or "goodness". The Han was one of most remarkable and proud period in Chinese History. The Chinese displayed their pride from Han's accomplishment by naming themselves the "Han people". During Han times, the Chinese extended the size of the state and population. Behind all the success of the Han dynasty, there was one of these people who took all the challenges and made the changes was the minister.
The minister had to know some of the Legalism to work with the Qin system as well. The barbarian had annoyed every dynasty. Therefore, it was "the challenge for the early Han government to develop a form of centralized power that could secure order and dynastic stability without undue harshness. Their view was that Gaozu had to trust his old comrades as they trusted him. In the selection, Han Feizi mentioned "When a ruler placed great trust in his wife, then treacherous minister would make use of her to achieve their private ends. It brought long lasting peace to the residents who lived in the north. Han faced the first major difficulty from the invasion by the barbarian who lived near the China. One might have asked why the minister still needed to read the other thoughts since Han only supported Confucianism, it was because Han still preserved many feature of the Qin system such as the administrative division of the country and the central bureaucracy. The widowed Empress Lu dominated politics and almost succeeded in taking the throne for her family. Because of this, the minister respected and admired Gaozu. 34) In 9 AD, Wang Mang, a nephew of the empress, became a king. Gaozu was their angel and rescued them from the hell of Qin dynasty, due to " Gaozu relax the harsh law of Qin, reduced the land tax, which under the Qin was said to have been as high as two-third of the total produce, and kept court expenditure at a minimum. Some officials said the campaigns expended the boundaries of the state, but it also increased governments' the expenditure.
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