Roots of Individualism in Europe
During the Middle Ages, independent thought was viewed disdainfully. Almost any idea deviating from the status quo, largely determined by the Roman Catholic Church, was condemned as heresy. One convicted of such a grievous offense was often excommunicated or killed, either by means of a proper execution or by a hostile mob. However, with the decline of the Middle Ages, the conditions arose for the birth of individualism-the development of which can be traced through the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the rise of capitalism. Individualism was a radical ideological revolution that forever altered the face of Europe and the rest of the world. The beginning of individualism's gradual evolution was first manifested in the Renaissance Era. The Renaissance was a ripe time ready for change. The weakening role of the Catholic Church led to an increase in power for the masses. Corruption plagued Church officials and many sought theological respite elsewhere. The reemphasis of ancient Greek and Roman texts proffered alternatives for many to satisfy their religious needs. This helped contribute to the abolishment of the Church's imposition of its absolute truth and its claim to ultimate aut
our righteousness is not in them, but in faith". Humans, therefore, had the power of self-determination in relation to their salvation. Pico praises the goodness of mankind when he writes, "man is rightly called and judged a great miracle and a wonderful creature indeed". The people rather an establishment deemed what theological ideas were to be embraced and rejected. The population growth allowed for an increase in agricultural productivity. The Catholic Church believed that salvation was achieved through God's grace. The rise of capitalism is one of the most substantial manifestations of the importance of the individual in this millennium. Rather, one was able to pursue wealth and fame through various endeavors ranging from artist to soldier. Until such progressive movements occurred, the individual was neglected. Thirdly, the Catholic Church felt that the church was composed and based upon the clergy and the hierarchy of church officials. The role of the merchant gains increasing importance as capitalism develops. In other words, humans were at the mercy of God whether they were to be saved or not. Luther's criticism sparked a revolution that resulted in the Babbitt 3formation of several new religions-Lutheranism, Calvanism, Anabaptism, and Protestantism. This allowed for the outward search of occupations that were able to specialize in a certain trade.
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