H.W. 46 What role did Theodore Roosevelt play in the Progressive Movement?
             1. Define what Roosevelt meant by "Square Deal"
             Roosevelt meant by the Square Deal that the mining operators did not have a
             choice. They had to submit to what the government said and had to make a deal with the
             union, led by Mitchell. In a sense, they really had no end in the, consequently called the
             2. Explain Roosevelt role in the a) anthracite coal strike b.) Northern Securities Case c)
             Hepburn Act d) conservation of natural resources
             Anthracite Coal Strike - Many miners were dying needlessly every year. The men
             received no raise in wages in 20 years. They were paid by the weight of the coal they dug,
             but the companies were not weighing honestly. By 1902 they could not dig anymore. John
             Mitchell became leader of the union with 150,000 strong. After TR. got involved they
             resolved the strike and the union and workers got mostly what they asked for.
             Northern Securities Case - It was a holding company, a corporation set up to hold a
             controlling part of the stock of other companies. It was formed by James J. Hill of the
             great northern.,the rockefellers, JP Morgan, and EH Harriman. They brought peace
             between the competitors over the stock of one of the railroads. These men with great
             wealth had plagued a whole region and disrupted the nations stock market by their fight
             for monopoly. So TR. sued them. He said that they violated the Sherman Antitrust Act.
             The court then asked that it dissolve.
             Hepburn Act (1906) - Gave the ICC power over pipelines, express and sleeping car
             companies, bridges, ferries, and terminals. Railroad rebates and free passes were
             forbidden. If a shipper complained about any unfair rate, the Commission could reduce
             the rate until a federal court ruled on its fairness. It marked a major step on the path to
             effective federal regulation of business.
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