The conquest of ireland
ENGLISH IMPERAIALISM UNDER HENRY II In 1155 Pope Adrian IV issued a significant bull that changed the history of Ireland and England forever. The papal bull issued gave Henry II, King of England (1154-1189), the right to conquer Ireland . Ireland has gained and lost as a result of English rule. It was rewarded with a stronger Church and a more centralized government. It lost some of its cultural values and customs, as well as its own system government for example; its clan-based hierarchy was removed. Henry II's control of Ireland was not solely based on the word of Adrian IV, there were a number of nobles who made it possible. One of the most important was Dermot MacMurrough, the king of Linster (an Irish city-state). Linster held in its bounds the main port city between Ireland and England. Being the King of Linster MacMurrough had control over trade and all other maritime activities of Ireland while he was king. Because of their close proximity, trade, and other maritime activity MacMurrough and Henry II developed a close relationship . Shortly after Adrian IV issued the bull, MacMurr
This was surprising because of MacMurrough known hatred for the city of Dublin and its people. All of the struggles and political problems that existed before and as a result of Henry II, Dermot MacMurrough, and Adrian IV are still being challenged today. Religion is another example of how Ireland was able to gain a greater sense of unity during Henry II conquest. Here it is interesting the important role that Irish culture played in curbing English conquest. All the laws in Ireland became uniform the taxes and duties, which where stilled paid to Irish lords, where regulated by a single entity and published. These loose practicing's being one of the reason that Pope Adrian IV cited in his bull to Henry II as a justification for conquest and pacification. Instead the Irish had a core set of values imposed on them and their own culture essentially outlawed in a later document issued by Elizabeth I. The alienation and mocking of the Irish chieftains led directly to another native uprising. Significantly, Murtaugh had military support from the other Gaelic lords who where dissenting strongly from the English presence. After signing the truce with the Archbishop of Dublin, MacMurrough appointed Milo de Cogan as constable. The troops that Henry II provided MacMurrough were not quite sufficient enough so MacMurrough solicited the help of a Welshmen by the name of Strongbow, in return for his daughter's hand in marriage as well as succession to the throne. Henry II was blessed with the weak Irish government and the opportunity to act on the bull issued to him and for that he created history.
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