The Influence of Enlightenment on the French Revolution
What is enlightenment? The 18th century Enlightenment was a movement of the intellectuals who dared to prove all the aspects in life scientifically. German philosopher Immauel Kant proclaimed the motto of the enlightenment : "Dare to know!: Have the courage to use your own intelligence!" People were greatly impressed by the scientific revolution. They were also advocating the application of the scientific method to the understanding of all life. During the age of enlightenment, science became popular and there were a lot of philosophers who applied the "natural law" to the social life. For example: John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Adam Smith, Montesquieu and many more. These people were the ones who then affected the French Revolution using their philosophies. Political, economical, and social problems in France during the 18th century led to the French Revolution. The political problem was the French monarchy itself. Monarchy is a system where the country is ruled by one single power(i.e.
During this time, the revolutionaries also change the constitution of France. In this phase, Locke's philosophy from the age of enlightenment was greatly used by the revolutionaries. The first one was the Liberal Revolution, the second was the French Republic, and the third one was the Napoleonic era. According to Rousseau, the society has to be one, and there are no divisions in the society. The second phase of the French Revolution was about how to establish democracy. But in fact, the French monarchy abused the human's natural rights. On the other hand, we can say that the Age of Enlightenment led to the French Revolution. In this phase, revolutionaries used J. The social problem was that the society was divided into three estates : the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. There were so many philosophers born during the Age of Enlightenment because of the popularization of science. Napoleon did not agree with democracy, aristocracy, hierarchy, and civil liberties.
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