The New Deal
During the 1930's, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as theUnited States fell into the worst Depression in history. The effects of the depression were being felteverywhere in the United States. In 1933, sixteen million people were unemployed. Americans wanted andneeded a change. They proved this by electing Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. This was the beginning of anew period in time for Americans, as Roosevelt would introduce his course of action with the New Deal.Would Roosevelt's New Deal be what Americans needed to counteract the effects of the depression? InRoosevelt's first inaugural address he declared, "...In the event that Congress hall fail to take these coursesand in the event that the national emergency is still critical I shall not evade the clear course or duty that willthen confront me." Roosevelt's course of action came to be known as the New Deal. The New Dealdescribes the innovative measures that President Roosevelt took to try to restore the American economy,give Americans pride again, and have faith in the government. The New Deal started in 1933 and lasted until1938. The New Deal was based on relief, recovery, and reform. The New Deal included
These acts helped to restore the confidence in the wake of widespread bankfailures. The PWA spent $6 billion enabling building contractors to employ approximately 650,000 workerswho might otherwise have been jobless. Although in itself the New Deal failed tostimulate full economic recovery, it provided the federal government not only with increased controls overmoney supply and Federal Reserve policies. From 1935 to 1943 the WPA providedapproximately nine million people with jobs at a cost of more than $11 billion. In the first two years, the New Deal was concerned mainly with relief,setting up shelters and soup kitchens to feed the millions of unemployed. Businesses thatcomplied with the codes were exempted from antitrust laws, and workers were given the right to organizeunions and bargain collectively. The law wasintended to prevent competitive wage cutting by employers during the Depression. In May 1935 the USSupreme Court unanimously declared the NRA unconstitutional on the grounds that the code-draftingprocess was unconstitutional. It had also providedapproximately four million students. Another New Deal measure under Title II of the National Industrial RecoveryAct of June 1933, the Public Works Administration (PWA) was designed to stimulate US industrial recoveryby pumping federal funds into large-scale construction projects. In addition, World War II erupted in September 1939. Wages and prices continued to rise,and the original minimum wage ceased to be relevant. It also with increased understanding of the economicconsequences of its own taxing, borrowing, and spending, helping the government to limit the impact of laterrecessions. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) was thekeystone of the early New Deal program launched by Roosevelt. It was created in June 1933 under theterms of the National Industrial Recovery Act.
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