Darwins Theory of Evolution
Natural Selection - process by whch populations become adapted to the environment.The fitness of an individual is measured by how well its offspring reproduce - i.e. how many offspring that survive and reproduce does an individual produce ? Charles Darwin studdied and closly watched peppered moths (Biston Betularia) in their natural habbitat. The peppered moths are light colored with darker areas of color. Like humans, however, these moths can be found in a range of pigmentation from very black to very white and all shades in between.He watched durring the Industrial Revolution in the middle of the 18th century. Soot from the factories was starting to discolor the trees making the moths visable to passing predators. The different colored moths all belong to the same species; they reproduce with each other, and the color difference depends primarily on alternate alleles for a single gene. The black moths were presumably produced by mutation: biochemical change in DNA that makes up the genes for a trap. Under the Hardy-Weinberg Principle it is stated that the frequencecy of dominat and resessive alleles is the same from generation to generation. This was not he case.Peppered moths rest during the day on tree trunks
I feel that Darwin was correct in most of his theories. After all, if life took millions of years for the earth to arrive at its' present state of development. A good example of this is in a forest fire when the trees and the mat of vegatation on the forest floor burn. The remaining light colored moths migrated to other forests where thy could survive. Slowly the majority of moths became light colored again. It is like tagging birds orother animals. The white fur blends in with the snow and the ice. Evolution uses genetic engeneering techniques. In pre-industrial England, tree trunks were gray. Scientists concluded that it was mutation. Therefore dinosaurs exist through their relative, the bird. As a result of the book and his friendship with Buffon, Lamarck was elected to the Academy of Sciences. I read the conclusion and recapitulation in the book, this was chapter 14. After periodic occurances of extinction there was mass growth.
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