History of the Black Panthers
Both attitudinal and institutional racism grossly intertwined in U.S. society and government finally led to the Civil Rights movement of the 1960's. (Winters, 1994) One of the many organized forces demanding quality and respect for Blacks in the United States of America was The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. The Party was organized by Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton, both of whom were college students at the time. The party spread eastward across the country and flourished throughout the 1960's. The Black Panther movement was known for its radical and frequently violent tactics; however, these tactics often overshadowed the many positive contributions that the party made to the Black Liberation Movement. The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale and later led by Eldridge Cleaver, started in Oakland, California, in 1967. The Black Muslim leader, Malcolm X, who had called on the black people to defend themselves, influenced both Newton and Seale. The Panthers dressed in uniforms of black berets and leather jackets, and were heavily armed-a look that reinforced their militant policies. (Foner, 1995) The Party's original purpose was to patrol black ghettoes to protect black re
Black Americans up to that point were used to looking at the world in terms of the white people view. They felt they needed to establish a system based on the goal of absolute equality, of all people, and this must be established on the principle of from each and very person, both male and female, according to their ability, and to each the every person, both male and female, according to their needs. Despite the turbulent history of the Black Panther Party, they managed to have a significant positive impact on the Black Liberation Movement. Their militancy quickly attracted the support of many black residents of Oakland. As well, internationally they provided African in the U. The sisters don't just serve and wait on the brothers. They were one of the first radical groups to be able to successfully use mass media to further its' cause. " (Acoli, 1995) In addition, he BPP made a important contribution towards serving women's issues by its advocation and practice of equality for women throughout all levels of the organization and in society itself. There are several fundamental contributions that must not be overlookedA fundamental area in which the BPP contributed to the Black Liberation Movement was in terms of Self-Defense. As well, it was losing support from American black leaders, who objected to the party's methods. (Seale, 1970) This concept of self-defense set the BPP apart from other Black organizations. While racial tension increased around the country, The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) blamed the Black Panthers for riots and other incidents of violence. The bureau initiated a program called COINTELPRO (short for counterintelligence program) designed to disrupt efforts to unify black militant groups such as SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee), BPP and US (United Students). The Panthers eventually developed into a Marxist revolutionary group that called for the arming of all blacks, the exemption of blacks from the draft and from all sanctions of so-called white America, the release of all blacks from jail, and the payment of compensation to blacks for centuries of exploitation by white Americans. (Myers, 1999) The reason for these alliances was that these organizations believed that all revolutionaries that wanted to change the American society should unite across racial lines.
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