mongol
The Mongol invasion of China was perhaps one of the greatest political, social, and economic upheavals in Chinese history. Fierce and obscure people who lived in the outer reaches of the Gobi Desert, present day Outer Mongolia, accomplished it. The outcome of this invasion was the destruction of the Sung Dynasty, and the creation of the Yuan Dynasty, one of the shortest lived of the major Dynasties in Chinese history. The Mongols were an alien people who completely subjugated the Chinese people and in doing so, they opened China to Europe in ways the Chinese had never done nor wanted. Their rule was harsh and brutal and would eventually lead to their demise. Although the Mongols brought several changes during their reign very little seems to have rubbed off on the Chinese culture. The cultural interaction was not really a cultural exchange, for the situation was perhaps too unstable in the Mongol regime. To really understand the Mongol invasion and its effects on Chinese cultu!re you must go to the beginning of this great Empire. Temujin, latter called Genghis Khan, was the son of a local Chieftain who had a small clan. His father was poisoned when he was still young and, the clan, for lack of an effective leader, abandoned Temu
Marco Polo was given the task of governing the big commercial city of Yangchow and found himself entrusted with various different missions by the Mongols. Since most of the Chinese elite were excluded from participating in running the Empire, most of those in government were of foreign birth. In his accounts he had very little to say about the indigenous Chinese population of the empire that he !served, an indication how far apart the Mongols lived from the people whom they had subjugated and whose labor provide them with all their needs and luxuries. The Yuan Dynasty finally fell! around the year 1368 due in part to the uprising of Chinese peasants. All of these caused then denouement and inevitable collapse of the Mongol Empire. Many rebellions had been on going during the Mongol occupation: The Red Turbans were a major force in the Yellow River area, and other rebellions sprung up as well in areas around the salt workings in the Yangtze River basin. He also ordered that Chinese could not bear arms, learn to speak Mongolian, or assemble in groups. On the accession of Ogodei in 1229, Yeh-lu Chu-ts'ai demonstrated to the new sovereign the usefulness of a reg!ular fiscal system (he reckoned that requisitions and taxes could bring in annually 500,000 ounces of silver, 80,000 rolls of silk and over 20,000 tons of cereals) and he was appointed general administrator of North China. In the end the orphaned child of itinerant peasant parents, Chu Yuan-chang, would lead a rebel army against the Yuan tyrants, successfully driving the Mongols first out of North China and then in 1368 total expulsion was complete. The subject matter of the Yuan plays is often taken from humbler literature of the previous periods, such as the short stories of the T'ang era, or from history; complicated crime and love-stories were, of course, very popular. In 1271, he assumed the Chinese dynastic name of Yuan Dynasty after capturing most of North and Central China; the remainder of the Sung Empire fell be!tween 1272 and 1279, when the Mongol conquest was complete. jin, his mother, and several brothers and half brothers. ------------------------------------------------------------------------**Bibliography**nil. Kublai Khan decided to build a strong central government in order to strengthen his authority as a foreign ruler over China. A few carefully selected scholars were invited to hold office, but the examinations were suspended and were not resumed until 1315, when they were given a built-in bias against Chinese candidates.
Common topics in this essay:
Genghis Khan,
China Examination,
Yuan Dynasty,
Marco Polo,
Europe Chinese,
Mongol Moslem,
Kublai Khan,
North China,
Yeh-lu Chu-ts'ai,
Chinese Cultural,
kublai khan,
chinese people,
yuan dynasty,
genghis khan,
marco polo,
cultural exchange,
mongol occupation,
rest world,
north china,
chinese institutions,
copy chinese institutions,
subjugated chinese people,
china rest world,
|
Acceptance Essays
