new deal
In the late 1920s and 1930s, the people living in the United States suffered through its greatest depression ever. President Roosevelt's solution to end the Great Depression was what became known as the New Deal. Although it improved the situation and helped the United States get back on its feet; it was a conservative plan for a radical problem. The first thing Roosevelt did was to ask congress to give him broad Executive power to wage a war against the Depression. This power was granted, and the New Deal programs began. An Emergency Banking Relief Bill was passed. It provided for the reopening of all banks. They had been closed due to Roosevelt's four-day bank holiday. When the banks reopened those that were strong enough to stand on their own, did and the ones that didn't were reorganized by the provisions of the Emergency Banking Relief Bill. This was a very conservative act because it left the same bankers in charge. Roosevelt spoke to the nation on the radio. This was the first of his "fireside chats". He told the public that the banks were reopened and it was safe to deposit money. His reassurance restored confidence in the economic system and the people redeposited their savings in the banks.
The New Deal tried to help Native Americans but it hurt them too. The New Deal also helped restore public confidence in the stock exchanges and banks. Women's working conditions were improved during the New Deal, but not enough. Unemployment may have dropped from 25% to 16. In 1937 Roosevelt felt very comfortable with the economy and believed that the United States was out of the depression. This forced the farmers to lower their prices in order to sell their products. The NIRA also gave many workers the right to form unions and bargain collectively. Social Security coverage and the minimum wage provisions excluded most blacks. When he started the government spending again, unemployment only came back down to 9. The government tried to give land to individual families instead of tribes, and it succeeded in doing that. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (see paragraph four) may have helped raise farmers' income, but there were many people who still did not have enough food. Land-less Indians were now working on their own farms.
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