Fiber optics use light rather than electricity to transmit data. In a fiber optic system, electricity is converted into light by a LED (Light-Emitting Diode) or laser and sent down a run of fiber optic cabling. While in the cable, the light bounces off an inner metallic shield called cladding. This cladding keeps the light contained along the fiber optic strand. On the other end of the fiber optic run, a receiver converts the light signal back into electricity.
             Generally, fiber optic cables are made of three layers: the jacket, the cladding, and the core. The core is made of germania-doped silica which contains and reflects light. The surrounding cladding is made of pure silica and reflects the light that travels down the core. The jacket is made of an acrylate coating and protects the cladding and core and allows for handling of the cable without touching the glass.
             Singlemode: Singlemode fiber is a single, tiny strand of fiber optic glass, usually 7.1 or 8.5mm in diameter, that is used in telephone applications, cable television, or campus backbones. It only allows a single ray of light to pass through the fiber at a time. This type of cable lends itself to very long runs.
             Multimode: Multimode's fiber optic core is much larger, usually 62.5mm in diameter, than that of the singlemode fiber. This type of fiber can accommodate many rays along it's core simultaneously lending itself to voice and data applications. Telephone companies typically use this type of fiber because it can accommodate hundreds of phone conversations along one fiber.
             Simplex Fiber: A cable with a single strand of fiber.
             Duplex Fiber: A cable with two strands of fiber bound together in separate jackets.
             Single-mode fiber gives you a higher transmission rate and up to 50 times more distance than multimode, but it also costs more. Single-mode fiber has a much smaller core than multim
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