According to Webster's dictionary a theme is a topic or idea. When applied to literature themes are helpful in the reader's understanding of the characters' world and beliefs. In Beowulf there are many themes that help the reader relate to the characters. The themes of loyalty, envy, revenge, and reputation reflect the values and beliefs of the characters in Beowulf and help to explain the motivations of the various characters.
             One of the central themes in this epic is loyalty. Throughout Beowulf's long and illustrious career loyalty is the main motivation behind his actions and the actions of his closest comrades. At the beginning of his career loyalty forces him to assist Hrothgar and the Danes in defeating Grendel as repayment for Hrothgar helping his father years earlier. When Beowulf's father, Ecgtheow was a young man he had killed the leader of another tribe. When the tribe sought revenge Hrothgar protects Beowulf's father and settles the feud by giving treasures to the rival tribe. Thus, Beowulf is motivated by the loyalty he feels toward the king of the Danes and feels that it is only right for him to come to the aid of King Hrothgar by lending a helping hand in defeating the mighty monster, Grendel.
             Another example of loyalty is when Beowulf returns to Geatland. When his uncle and king, Hygelac is killed in battle, Queen Hygd offers the throne to Beowulf, believing that her son is not capable of ruling the kingdom. Beowulf refuses the offer and serves his king faithfully until the king's death. Even though Beowulf's wish is to become king he shows his loyalty to the royal family by his refusal to take the throne and by insisting that the rightful person, the prince should be king.
             Later on in the epic when Beowulf has been king for fifty years, Beowulf fights his last battle against the fiery dragon. In preparing for the battle he asks eleven of the retainers to be t...