German Unification
Both of the Germans and the Italians were dissatisfied with the Vienna Settlement which made them separated and under alien rule. So both of them had struggled for unification since the 1830's and finally achieved their unification in 1870's. These two new nations actually shared many similarities in the forces behind unification and also had other forces which made them different from each other. While similarities and differences could also be found in their road to unification, too.There are several similarities in the forces behind unification between Italy and Germany. First of all, both nations' enthusiasm in nationalism was aroused during the period of Napoleonic war in 1789. During the periods Germans were grouped together to be ruled and so did the Italians. It inspired them they were actually the same race people so that they should be unified according to the principle of nationalism. Moreover, as they were both under the alien rule (France), the anti-French feeling also helped to promote nationalism which later become the main force behind unification.And both in Italy and Germany, secret societies were found to spread the idea of nationalism. For example, there was the Carbo
In the German unification, Chancellor Bismarck was responsible for both of the internal(Iron) and external(Blood) policies in the German unification. So in the later period, these two nations helped to enforce the unification movement. Moreover, their general hatred towards the alien rule, that was Austria, was another decisive force leading to their unifications. While in Italy, there was also Prime Minister Cavour who helped to strengthen Piedmont-Sardinia both industrially and economically and to obtain foreign aids to bring about unification. And Bismarck also rose taxes illegally to finance the army and encouraged heavy industrial development. Three wars were fought in the way to unification and all the enemies were made isolated before the war started. Due to the different in forces behind and the different circumstances of the two countries, Italy and Germany took different steps in achieving their unification. Bismarck successfully obtained Russia's friendship through helping her in suppress Polish Revolt in 1863. He turned to seek foreign help to defeat the enemies against Italy unification. So in the Prusso-Danish War, Prussia had obtained friendship with Austria so Denmark was defeated by the joint arm force. It helped to inspired the Italians though they were all ended as failures. For the differences in force, the leaders in Piedmont-Sardinia such as Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour, they believed in liberalism and liberalistic measures were granted during that period. Both of them successfully strengthened the position and strength of their states to make them strong enough as the leading states for unifications. naries in Italy and they had organized several revolutions between 1820's-30's.
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