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Definition The condition that is said to exist when a person's emotions thoughts, or behavior deviate substantially from what is considered to be normal at a certain time and place in history. In other words, the definition of mental illness depends on a society's norms, or rules of behavior. Behaviors that violate these norms are considered signs of deviance or, in some cases, of mental illness.Criteria for Diagnosing Mental IllnessW.B. Maher and B.A. Maher consistently found the following symptoms among those living with Mental Illness. · Harmful behavior- self-mutilation or suicide this behavior is thought to be contrary to survival the exceptions to this is cultural beliefs or warfare. Example of cultural belief: In Italy castration is used if a person is thought to have musical talent- in order to prepare him for an operatic career as a castrato.· Unrealistic thoughts and perception- such as delusions or hallucinations Delusions are a type of psychotic symptom that indicate a person has lost contact with reality Hallucinations are false perception in any of the five senses· Inappropriate Emotions - laughing when you should not or having extreme emotional reactions.


Kraepelin believed that the fundamental causes of mental illness lay in the physiology and biochemistry of the human brain. He classified mental illnesses into three categories-mania, melancholia (depression), and phrenitis (brain fever). The conditions were deplorable the patients were beaten, chained, victims of bloodletting and put on display for visitors. Hippocrates advocated humane treatment that included rest, bathing, exercise, and dieting. The biological perspective views mental illness in terms of bodily processes. His classification system of mental disorders, first published in 1883, formed the basis for later diagnostic systems. The bodily abnormalities causing mental illness can be inherited. Supernatural Explanation Mental illness was thought to be caused by mysterious forces entering the body. · The Return of the Supernatural (14- 17th Century) Persecution of witches, the mentally ill were locked up in "lunatic asylums" such as Bedlam (Bethlehem). ------------------------------------------------------------------------**Bibliography**"Mental Illness," Microsoftc Encartac Encyclopedia 99. In 1826, he was appointed director of La Salpetriere, which housed 8,000 women with mental illness. The mentally ill are often blamed for bringing on their own illnesses, and others may see them as victims of bad fate, religious and moral transgression, or witchcraft. Addiction, aggression, etc); promote positive growth (create goals for oneself)· Psychology Approach - observe the individual, reenact traumatic experience, dream analysis, teach coping skillsGradual Improvement in the Treatment of Mental IllnessPhilippe Pinel (1745-1826) Pinel resented the greed and insensitivity of his fellow physicians.

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