Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN WORK AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS: WHAT SHOULD EMPLOYERS DO?This report explores society's problem in thoroughly understanding what constitutes sexual harassment. It includes the common legal definitions of sexual harassment. Some relevant civil cases will be examined to clarify increasing employer liability and monetary damages. Expert opinions are used to explain the social and psychological impacts of the problem. Although sexual harassment affects both men and women in education and work environments, this report will focus primarily on sexual harassment against women since it constitutes about 90 percent of reported cases. Same-sex harassment and harassment against men will not be explored. In addition, this report will concentrate primarily on the employer. Magazine articles were reviewed to offer analysis. Several topical books were used to explore the psychological impact of harassment in the workplace. The Internet was used to find anecdotal information and to review some recent legal cases. Finally, a videotaped interview
Like Title VII, Title IX prohibits sex discrimination, including sexual harassment, but in federally funded educational institutions. Figure 2 Reported Cases of Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment appears to also be widespread among teenagers in the school environment. The evidence clearly indicates sexual harassment remains a significant problem in the workplace and in school. Prior to the mid 1970s even the courts considered allegations of sexual harassment a private matter (very similar to the early U. Sexual Harassment: A Practical Guide to the Law, Your Rights, and Your Options For Taking Action. " The employer could avoid liability, the Court noted, "if (a) the employer has published rules on sexual harassment, including how to report it, and has made these rules available to all employees, and (b) the employee fails to follow the rules to report the harassment. Legally defined sexual harassment primarily falls into two categories, quid pro quo and hostile work environment. There are two categories of sexual harassment, hostile work environment and quid pro quo. Also in 1991, several female officers in the U. Quid pro quo harassment makes up 13 percent of reported cases. As indicated in Figure 2, from 1990 to 1996 the number of complaints in the workplace more than doubled from around 6,000 to well over 15,000.
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